Levi-Mourao Alexandre, Madeira Filipe, Meseguer Roberto, García Addy, Pons Xavier
Department of Crop Protection and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, 25198 Lleida, Spain.
MORE CoLab. Mountains of Research Collaborative Laboratory, Environmental and Ecosystem Management, 5300-358 Bragança, Portugal.
Insects. 2021 Mar 16;12(3):250. doi: 10.3390/insects12030250.
The combined effect of the temperature and relative humidity on the survival and development time of the eggs of Spanish populations of the weevil , a key pest of alfalfa around the world, was evaluated under laboratory conditions. The experimental temperatures ranged from 8 to 36 °C, in 4 °C increments. Three relative humidity ranges were defined: high, medium, and low. Eggs of the alfalfa weevil successfully developed until larval emergence at all of the 24 conditions tested. However, the temperature and relative humidity affected the survival of the eggs. The egg developmental time decreased as the temperature increased from 8 to 32 °C, and the longest time was recorded at a low relative humidity (RH). The relationship between the development rate and temperature fit well to the lineal model for relative humidity. The minimum development threshold (T) and the thermal requirement for egg development (K) ranged between 3 and 4 °C and 209 and 246 degree-days, respectively. According to these values and the occurrence of eggs and larvae (in winter) and adults (in autumn) in field samplings, the period of oviposition was determined. The results of the study contribute to better understanding the annual cycle and phenology of in the Iberian Peninsula and southern Europe.
在实验室条件下，评估了温度和相对湿度对苜蓿象鼻虫西班牙种群卵的存活和发育时间的综合影响。苜蓿象鼻虫是全球苜蓿的一种关键害虫。实验温度范围为8至36°C，以4°C为增量。定义了三个相对湿度范围：高、中、低。在所有测试的24种条件下，苜蓿象鼻虫的卵都成功发育至幼虫孵化。然而，温度和相对湿度影响了卵的存活率。随着温度从8°C升高到32°C，卵的发育时间缩短，在低相对湿度（RH）下记录到最长的发育时间。发育速率与温度之间的关系很好地符合相对湿度的线性模型。卵发育的最低发育阈值（T）和热需求（K）分别在3至4°C和209至246度日之间。根据这些值以及田间采样中卵和幼虫（冬季）及成虫（秋季）的出现情况，确定了产卵期。该研究结果有助于更好地了解伊比利亚半岛和南欧苜蓿象鼻虫的年周期和物候。
