Zampatti Stefania, Ragazzo Michele, Fabrizio Carlo, Termine Andrea, Campoli Giulia, Caputo Valerio, Strafella Claudia, Cascella Raffaella, Caltagirone Carlo, Giardina Emiliano
Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy.
Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy.
J Pers Med. 2021 Mar 16;11(3):213. doi: 10.3390/jpm11030213.
Human behaviour is determined by a complex interaction of genetic and environmental factors. Several studies have demonstrated different associations between human behaviour and numerous genetic variants. In particular, allelic variants in SLC6A4, MAOA, DRD4, and DRD2 showed statistical associations with major depressive disorder, antisocial behaviour, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder; BDNF polymorphic variants were associated with depressive, bipolar, and schizophrenia diseases, and TPH2 variants were found both in people with unipolar depression and in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Independent studies have failed to confirm polymorphic variants associated with criminal and aggressive behaviour. In the present study, a set of genetic variants involved in serotoninergic, dopaminergic, and neurobiological pathways were selected from those previously associated with criminal behaviour. The distribution of these genetic variants was compared across worldwide populations. While data on single polymorphic variants showed differential distribution across populations, these differences failed to be significant when a comprehensive analysis was conducted on the total number of published variants. The lack of reproducibility of the genetic association data published to date, the weakness of statistical associations, the heterogeneity of the phenotype, and the massive influence of the environment on human behaviour do not allow us to consider these genetic variants as undoubtedly associated with antisocial behaviour. Moreover, these data confirm the absence of ethnic predisposition to aggressive and criminal behaviour.
人类行为由遗传和环境因素的复杂相互作用决定。多项研究已证明人类行为与众多基因变异之间存在不同的关联。特别是，SLC6A4、MAOA、DRD4和DRD2中的等位基因变异与重度抑郁症、反社会行为、精神分裂症和双相情感障碍存在统计学关联；脑源性神经营养因子（BDNF）多态性变异与抑郁症、双相情感障碍和精神分裂症相关，并且在单相抑郁症患者和注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）儿童中均发现了色氨酸羟化酶2（TPH2）变异。独立研究未能证实与犯罪和攻击行为相关的多态性变异。在本研究中，从先前与犯罪行为相关的基因变异中挑选出一组参与5-羟色胺能、多巴胺能和神经生物学途径的基因变异。比较了这些基因变异在全球人群中的分布情况。虽然关于单个多态性变异的数据显示不同人群间存在差异分布，但对已发表变异总数进行综合分析时，这些差异并不显著。鉴于目前已发表的基因关联数据缺乏可重复性、统计关联较弱、表型存在异质性以及环境对人类行为的巨大影响，我们不能将这些基因变异视为无疑与反社会行为相关。此外，这些数据证实不存在对攻击和犯罪行为的种族易感性。
