Errani Costantino, Tsukamoto Shinji, Kido Akira, Yoneda Azusa, Bondi Alice, Zora Frida, Soucacos Fotini, Mavrogenis Andreas F
Department of Orthopaedic Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy.
Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Nara Medical University, 634-8521 Nara, Japan.
SICOT J. 2021;7:20. doi: 10.1051/sicotj/2021020. Epub 2021 Mar 26.
To compare and discuss the gender disparities in the Orthopaedic specialty.
We reviewed the literature to find the rates of women applying for an orthopaedic residency, fellowship, and academic career program, to understand the causes of the disparities in women in orthopaedics, and how this relates to orthopaedic surgical practice.
The idea that men and women are different and have different working styles and skills and the belief that males are more dominant and more status-worthy than females leads to gender barriers and stereotypes that restrict women from entering male-dominated specialties. It is important to mention that equivalent barriers restrict men from pursuing female-dominated specialties such as Gynecology. Economic disparities and gender stereotypes that divide medical specialties into masculine and feminine, creating a gender gap in health care are major concerns. However, the number of women in the health sector is expected to increase due to the growing amount of female students that are expected to soon graduate. A leadership gender gap also exists; although women consist of 70% of the health care workforce they occupy only 25% of leadership positions.
The existence of gender-based disparities in healthcare is multifactorial. The explanation behind the existence of a so-called gender gap lies in organizational and individual factors. Early development and family relations, the decision between work and life balance, personal choices and interests, as well as working conditions, absence of role models and mentorship and institutional policies make gender disparities even more evident.
比较和讨论骨科专业中的性别差异。
我们查阅文献以找出申请骨科住院医师培训、进修以及学术职业项目的女性比例，了解骨科领域女性存在差异的原因，以及这与骨外科实践的关系。
认为男性和女性不同且工作方式和技能各异，以及认为男性比女性更具主导性和更值得拥有地位的观念导致了性别障碍和刻板印象，限制了女性进入男性主导的专业领域。需要指出的是，类似的障碍也限制男性进入如妇科等女性主导的专业领域。经济差异以及将医学专业划分为男性化和女性化从而在医疗保健领域造成性别差距的性别刻板印象是主要问题。然而，由于预计即将毕业的女学生数量不断增加，卫生部门的女性人数有望上升。领导层面也存在性别差距；尽管女性占医疗保健劳动力的70%，但她们仅占据25%的领导职位。
医疗保健领域基于性别的差异的存在是多因素的。所谓性别差距存在背后的解释在于组织和个人因素。早期发展和家庭关系、工作与生活平衡的抉择、个人选择和兴趣，以及工作条件、缺乏榜样和导师指导以及机构政策使得性别差异更加明显。
