Center of Public Health Emergency Management, Ethiopian Public Health Institutes, Swaziland Street, P.O. Box 1242, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
J Environ Public Health. 2021 Mar 15;2021:8892785. doi: 10.1155/2021/8892785. eCollection 2021.
Paederus dermatitis is an irritant contact dermatitis caused by crushing insects of the genus , which releases a vesicant toxin called pederin. On July 28, 2018, the district health office received a report of cases with erythema, itching, and burning after contact with the insect. In response, we investigated the outbreak intending to describe, confirm, and identify the risk factors associated with the country's first reported outbreak.
A community-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from August 10 to 22, 2018. Two hundred twenty-five (75 cases and 150 controls) study participants were involved in the study. Cases were defined as Bole subcity residents who had acute contact dermatitis after contact with the insect, while controls were persons who did not have contact with the insect. Cases were recruited consecutively as they present, whereas controls were selected by the neighborhood sampling method. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was used for the data collection, and multiple logistic regression was applied to determine the independent risk factors. The results were expressed as adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).
A total of 122 cases were reported from the three districts of the subcity. The mean age of cases and controls was 23.6 (SD ± 16.4) and 29.4 (SD ± 10.9) years, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the presence of outdoor light (AOR = 5.1; 95% CI (2.5, 10.9), presence of rotten leaves (AOR = 6.4; 95% CI (2.9, 15.7)), sleeping on the floor (AOR = 6.1; 95% CI (2.5, 15.7)), wearing protective clothing (AOR = 0.2; 95% CI (0.1, 0.4)), and use of insect repellant (AOR = 0.1; 95% CI (0.0, 0.4)) were significantly associated with Paederus dermatitis outbreak.
The investigation identified exposure to artificial light and the presence of rotten leaves around the residential area as important factors leading to an increase in the odds of Paederus dermatitis. In contrast, the use of insect repellant and wearing protective clothing were shown to provide protection. The investigation determined that reducing burning outdoor lights, cleaning excess vegetation, avoiding sleeping on the floor, using insect repellants, and wearing protective clothing can reduce the risk of contracting Paederus dermatitis.
阴虱性皮炎是一种由接触阴虱属昆虫引起的刺激性接触性皮炎，该昆虫会释放一种叫做派登素的水疱毒素。2018 年 7 月 28 日，区卫生办公室接到报告，称有病例在接触该昆虫后出现红斑、瘙痒和烧灼感。对此，我们开展了一项暴发调查，旨在描述、确认和识别该国首例报告的暴发相关的危险因素。
2018 年 8 月 10 日至 22 日，我们开展了一项基于社区的病例对照研究。共有 225 名（75 例病例和 150 名对照）研究参与者参与了研究。病例定义为在接触昆虫后出现急性接触性皮炎的博乐市郊区居民，而对照则是未接触过该昆虫的人员。病例连续招募，而对照则采用邻居抽样法选择。采用访谈式问卷调查收集数据，并应用多变量逻辑回归确定独立的危险因素。结果以调整后的优势比（AOR）和 95%置信区间（CI）表示。
郊区的三个区共报告了 122 例病例。病例和对照的平均年龄分别为 23.6（SD±16.4）岁和 29.4（SD±10.9）岁。多变量分析显示，存在户外灯光（AOR=5.1；95%CI（2.5，10.9））、存在腐叶（AOR=6.4；95%CI（2.9，15.7））、睡在地板上（AOR=6.1；95%CI（2.5，15.7））、穿着防护服装（AOR=0.2；95%CI（0.1，0.4））和使用驱虫剂（AOR=0.1；95%CI（0.0，0.4））与阴虱性皮炎暴发显著相关。
调查发现，暴露于人工灯光和住宅周围存在腐叶是导致阴虱性皮炎发病风险增加的重要因素。相比之下，使用驱虫剂和穿着防护服装可提供保护。调查确定，减少户外照明、清理多余的植被、避免睡在地板上、使用驱虫剂和穿着防护服装可降低感染阴虱性皮炎的风险。
