Miller Dannah R, Ingersoll Matthew A, Teply Benjamin A, Lin Ming-Fong
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center Omaha, Nebraska, United States of America.
Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus Aurora, CO, United States of America.
Am J Clin Exp Urol. 2021 Feb 15;9(1):101-120. eCollection 2021.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most commonly diagnosed solid tumor and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in U.S. men in 2020. Androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) is the standard of care for metastatic PCa. Unfortunately, PCa relapse often occurs one to two years after initiation of ADT, resulting in the development of castration-resistant PCa (CRPCa), a lethal disease. While several anticancer agents such as docetaxel, abiraterone acetate, and enzalutamide are currently utilized to extend a patient's life after development of CRPCa, patients will eventually succumb to the disease. Hence, while targeting androgen signaling and utilization of docetaxel remain the most crucial agents for many of these combinations, many studies are attempting to exploit other vulnerabilities of PCa cells, such as inhibition of key survival proteins, anti-angiogenesis agents, and immunotherapies. This review will focus on discussing recent advances on targeting therapy. Several novel small molecules will also be discussed.
前列腺癌（PCa）是最常被诊断出的实体瘤，也是2020年美国男性癌症相关死亡的第二大主要原因。雄激素剥夺疗法（ADT）是转移性PCa的标准治疗方法。不幸的是，PCa通常在ADT开始后的一到两年内复发，导致去势抵抗性PCa（CRPCa）的发展，这是一种致命疾病。虽然目前使用多西他赛、醋酸阿比特龙和恩杂鲁胺等几种抗癌药物来延长CRPCa发生后患者的生命，但患者最终仍会死于该疾病。因此，虽然针对雄激素信号传导和使用多西他赛仍然是许多这些联合治疗中最关键的药物，但许多研究正在尝试利用PCa细胞的其他弱点，如抑制关键生存蛋白、抗血管生成药物和免疫疗法。本综述将重点讨论靶向治疗的最新进展。还将讨论几种新型小分子。
