Management of Proximal Pole Scaphoid Nonunions: A Critical Analysis Review.

»: Optimal management of nonunions of the proximal pole of the scaphoid is controversial and dependent on many patient and pathophysiologic considerations.

»: If the proximal pole subchondral bone support is sufficient, options include open reduction and internal fixation, either alone or in combination with autologous nonvascularized or vascularized bone graft.

»: If the proximal pole is not salvageable, replacement with osteochondral autografts or osteochondral flaps is the only option for reconstruction of the native anatomy.