Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, 2 Gronostajowa Str., 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET), Jagiellonian University, 14 Bobrzynskiego Str., 30-348 Krakow, Poland.
J Med Chem. 2021 Apr 22;64(8):4396-4409. doi: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00051. Epub 2021 Apr 6.
Multiple diseases are at some point associated with altered endothelial function, and endothelial dysfunction (ED) contributes to their pathophysiology. Biochemical changes of the dysfunctional endothelium are linked to various cellular organelles, including the mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and nucleus, so organelle-specific insight is needed for better understanding of endothelial pathobiology. Raman imaging, which combines chemical specificity with microscopic resolution, has proved to be useful in detecting biochemical changes in ED at the cellular level. However, the detection of spectroscopic markers associated with specific cell organelles, while desirable, cannot easily be achieved by Raman imaging without labeling. This critical review summarizes the current advances in Raman-based analysis of ED, with a focus on a new approach involving molecular Raman reporters that could facilitate the study of biochemical changes in cellular organelles. Finally, imaging techniques based on both conventional spontaneous Raman scattering and the emerging technique of stimulated Raman scattering are discussed.
多种疾病在某种程度上与内皮功能改变有关，而内皮功能障碍（ED）是其病理生理学的基础。功能失调的内皮细胞的生化变化与各种细胞细胞器有关，包括线粒体、内质网和细胞核，因此需要细胞器特异性的深入了解来更好地理解内皮病理生物学。拉曼成像将化学特异性与微观分辨率相结合，已被证明可用于在细胞水平检测 ED 中的生化变化。然而，在没有标记的情况下，拉曼成像很难检测到与特定细胞器相关的光谱标记物，这是人们所期望的。本综述总结了基于拉曼的 ED 分析的最新进展，重点介绍了一种新方法，该方法涉及分子拉曼报告物，可促进对细胞细胞器中生化变化的研究。最后，讨论了基于常规自发拉曼散射和新兴受激拉曼散射技术的成像技术。
