Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia.
Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.
Addiction. 2021 Nov;116(11):3219-3226. doi: 10.1111/add.15507. Epub 2021 Apr 26.
Examining risk-curves is important to understanding the degree to which indices of gambling consumption are associated with gambling-related harm. Risk-curves have largely been described as J-shaped, suggesting that at low levels of consumption harm remain constant but then increase sharply at a certain threshold. Alternative methods in recent work, however, have described risk-curves as linear and R-shaped, indicating that risk of harm increases as consumption increases at all levels of consumption. The aim of the current study is to estimate the shape of gambling risk-curves using competing methods.
Systematic comparison of gambling risk-curves using categorical (via plots) and continuous (via bootstrapped regression analyses) operationalizations of gambling consumption. Setting and participants Data were 2873 gamblers (1417 women) from the fourth Social and Economic Impact Study of Gambling in Tasmania.
Gambling-related harm was assessed using the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) and Short Gambling Harm Screen (SGHS). Gambling consumption was assessed as annual frequency, expenditure and expenditure as a proportion of income.
Categorical gambling consumption data plotted with equal magnitudes evidenced J-shaped risk-curves. When the magnitude of gambling categories was re-scaled to the mid-points, risk-curves no longer appeared J-shaped. Additionally, bootstrapped regression analyses using the continuous gambling consumption data did not provide evidence for J-shaped risk-curves.
Gambling risk-curves in Tasmania appear not to be J-shaped, but rather suggest that risk of gambling-related harm increases with even small increases in gambling consumption.
研究风险曲线对于理解赌博消费指标与赌博相关危害之间的关联程度至关重要。风险曲线在很大程度上被描述为 J 形，表明在低消费水平下，危害保持不变，但在一定阈值后急剧增加。然而，最近的研究中采用的替代方法将风险曲线描述为线性和 R 形，表明在所有消费水平下，随着消费的增加，危害的风险也随之增加。本研究的目的是使用竞争方法来估计赌博风险曲线的形状。
使用赌博消费的分类（通过图）和连续（通过自举回归分析）操作化来系统比较赌博风险曲线。
数据来自塔斯马尼亚第四次赌博社会经济影响研究的 2873 名赌徒（1417 名女性）。
使用赌博问题严重程度指数（PGSI）和短期赌博危害量表（SGHS）评估赌博相关危害。赌博消费评估为年度频率、支出和支出占收入的比例。
以相等幅度绘制的分类赌博消费数据呈现 J 形风险曲线。当赌博类别幅度重新调整为中点时，风险曲线不再呈现 J 形。此外，使用连续赌博消费数据的自举回归分析并未提供 J 形风险曲线的证据。
塔斯马尼亚的赌博风险曲线似乎不是 J 形，而是表明随着赌博消费的微小增加，赌博相关危害的风险也会增加。
