Evolutionary Stress Ecology and Ecotoxicology, University of Leuven, Debériotstraat 32, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
Animal Ecology and Physiology, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525, AJ Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Aug 1;282:117019. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117019. Epub 2021 Mar 29.
Trait-based approaches are promising to make generalizations about the sensitivity of species and populations to pesticides. Two traits that may shape the sensitivity to pesticides are the surface area (related to pesticide uptake) and the metabolic rate (related to pesticide elimination). We compared the sensitivity of damselfly larvae to the pesticide chlorpyrifos and how this was modified by loss of external gills (autotomy, reducing the surface area) in both fast pace-of-life (high metabolic rate) and slow pace-of-life (low metabolic rate) populations of Ischnura elegans. The slow-paced populations were more sensitive to the pesticide than the fast-paced populations in terms of survival, growth and energy metabolism. This suggests the higher metabolic rate of fast-paced populations enabled a faster pesticide elimination. Pesticide exposure also reduced heat tolerance, especially in slow-paced larvae under hypoxia. Gill loss had opposite effects on pesticide sensitivity in slow- and fast-paced populations. In slow-paced larvae, gill loss lowered the sensitivity to the pesticide, while in fast-paced larvae, gill loss increased the sensitivity. This difference likely reflects the balance between the roles of the gills in pesticide uptake (more detrimental in slow-paced populations) and oxygen uptake (more important in fast-paced populations). Our results highlight the need to consider trait interactions when applying trait-based approaches to predict the sensitivity to pesticides.
基于特征的方法有望对物种和种群对农药的敏感性进行概括。两个可能影响对农药敏感性的特征是表面积（与农药吸收有关）和代谢率（与农药消除有关）。我们比较了食蚊鱼幼虫对杀虫剂毒死蜱的敏感性，以及在快速生活节奏（高代谢率）和慢速生活节奏（低代谢率）的伊蚊种群中，外部鳃丢失（减少表面积）如何改变这种敏感性。在生存、生长和能量代谢方面，慢速种群比快速种群对杀虫剂更敏感。这表明快速种群的较高代谢率使农药更快地消除。农药暴露还降低了耐热性，尤其是在低氧条件下的慢速幼虫中。鳃丢失对慢速和快速种群的农药敏感性有相反的影响。在慢速幼虫中，鳃丢失降低了对杀虫剂的敏感性，而在快速幼虫中，鳃丢失增加了敏感性。这种差异可能反映了鳃在农药吸收（在慢速种群中更有害）和氧气吸收（在快速种群中更重要）中的作用之间的平衡。我们的研究结果强调了在应用基于特征的方法预测对农药的敏感性时，需要考虑特征相互作用。
