Haddison Eposi C, Machingaidze Shingai, Wiysonge Charles S, Hussey Gregory D, Kagina Benjamin M
School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Vaccines for Africa Initiative (VACFA), University of Cape Town, South Africa.
Vaccine X. 2018 Dec 10;1:100001. doi: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2018.100001. eCollection 2019 Apr 11.
Strengthening immunisation programmes in Africa remains a key strategy of improving vaccine coverage. Research plays a vital role in the design and implementation of strategic immunisation plans for improving vaccination coverage, in turn providing context specific evidence to inform policy and practice. We therefore updated an evidence map describing the types and quality of available literature on childhood immunisation in Africa from 2011 to 2017.
PubMed and Africa Wide databases were searched for English studies on childhood immunisation in Africa published from January 2011 to September 2017. Studies had to be conducted in humans and the reported information needed to be on either: vaccines; immunisation programmes; immunisation policies; or epidemiology of vaccine preventable diseases targeted by Expanded Programme on Immunisation vaccines.
Out of 5567 studies retrieved, 797 studies from 165 journals met the inclusion criteria. During 2011-2017, 42 African countries contributed to research on childhood immunisation. Most studies were carried out in multiple countries (15.1%). Five countries contributed 41% of the total research output. Nigeria and South Africa contributed the highest proportion of studies at 12% and 11.4% respectively. The quantity of research output increased progressively from 2011 to 2015 after which there was a significant decline.
There was a remarkable increase in childhood immunisation research in the period 2011 to 2017 when compared to the initial assessment. However, the reason for decline in research output from 2015 requires further investigation. Most childhood immunisation research was still generated by five countries as previously observed, highlighting the critical need for strategic investment in research capacities and improved collaboration between countries in Africa.
加强非洲的免疫规划仍然是提高疫苗接种覆盖率的关键战略。研究在设计和实施提高疫苗接种覆盖率的战略免疫计划中发挥着至关重要的作用，进而提供针对具体情况的证据以指导政策和实践。因此，我们更新了一份证据图谱，描述了2011年至2017年非洲有关儿童免疫的现有文献的类型和质量。
在PubMed和非洲全数据库中检索2011年1月至2017年9月发表的关于非洲儿童免疫的英文研究。研究必须在人类中进行，报告的信息必须涉及以下方面：疫苗；免疫规划；免疫政策；或扩大免疫规划疫苗所针对的疫苗可预防疾病的流行病学。
在检索到的5567项研究中，来自165种期刊的797项研究符合纳入标准。在2011 - 2017年期间，42个非洲国家开展了儿童免疫研究。大多数研究在多个国家进行（15.1%）。五个国家贡献了总研究产出的41%。尼日利亚和南非贡献的研究比例最高，分别为12%和11.4%。研究产出量从2011年到2015年逐渐增加，之后显著下降。
与最初的评估相比，2011年至2017年期间儿童免疫研究有显著增加。然而，2015年研究产出下降的原因需要进一步调查。正如之前所观察到的，大多数儿童免疫研究仍然由五个国家开展，这凸显了对研究能力进行战略投资以及改善非洲国家之间合作的迫切需求。
