Department of Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States.
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2021 Mar 22;12:655982. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2021.655982. eCollection 2021.
The immune system and the neuroendocrine system share many common features. Both consist of diverse components consisting of receptors and networks that are widely distributed throughout the body, and both sense and react to external stimuli which, on the one hand control mechanisms of immunity, and on the other hand control and regulate growth, development, and metabolism. It is thus not surprising, therefore, that the immune system and the neuroendocrine system communicate extensively. This article will focus on bi-directional immune-endocrine interactions with particular emphasis on the hormones of the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis. New findings will be discussed demonstrating the direct process through which the immune system-derived thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) controls thyroid hormone synthesis and bone metamorphosis, particularly in the context of a novel splice variant of TSHβ made by peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). Also presented are the ways whereby the TSHβ splice variant may be a contributing factor in the development and/or perpetuation of autoimmune thyroid disease (AIT), and how systemic infection may elicit immune-endocrine responses. The relationship between non-HPT hormones, in particular adipose hormones, and immunity is discussed.
免疫系统和神经内分泌系统有许多共同特征。两者都由分布在全身的受体和网络组成的多种成分组成，既能感知又能对外部刺激做出反应，这些刺激一方面控制着免疫机制，另一方面控制和调节着生长、发育和新陈代谢。因此，免疫系统和神经内分泌系统广泛交流也就不足为奇了。本文将重点介绍双向免疫-内分泌相互作用，特别强调下丘脑-垂体-甲状腺（HPT）轴的激素。将讨论新的发现，证明了免疫系统产生的促甲状腺激素（TSH）通过直接过程控制甲状腺激素的合成和骨骼代谢，特别是在外周血白细胞（PBL）产生的 TSHβ 新剪接变异体的情况下。还介绍了 TSHβ 剪接变异体如何成为自身免疫性甲状腺疾病（AIT）发展和/或持续的一个因素，以及全身感染如何引发免疫内分泌反应。讨论了非 HPT 激素，特别是脂肪激素与免疫之间的关系。
