Dinis Ana, Molina Carlota, Tobeña Marta, Sambolino Annalisa, Hartman Karin, Fernandez Marc, Magalhães Sara, Dos Santos Rui Peres, Ritter Fabian, Martín Vidal, Aguilar de Soto Natacha, Alves Filipe
Mare-Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Agência Regional para o Desenvolvimento da Investigac˛ão Tecnologia e Inovac˛ão (ARDITI), Funchal, Madeira, Portugal.
OOM - Oceanic Observatory of Madeira, Funchal, Madeira, Portugal.
PeerJ. 2021 Mar 25;9:e11069. doi: 10.7717/peerj.11069. eCollection 2021.
Wide-ranging connectivity patterns of common bottlenose dolphins () are generally poorly known worldwide and more so within the oceanic archipelagos of Macaronesia in the North East (NE) Atlantic. This study aimed to identify long-range movements between the archipelagos of Macaronesia that lie between 500 and 1,500 km apart, and between Madeira archipelago and the Portuguese continental shelf, through the compilation and comparison of bottlenose dolphin's photo-identification catalogues from different regions: one from Madeira ( = 363 individuals), two from different areas in the Azores ( = 495 and 176), and four from different islands of the Canary Islands ( = 182, 110, 142 and 281), summing up 1791 photographs. An additional comparison was made between the Madeira catalogue and one catalogue from Sagres, on the southwest tip of the Iberian Peninsula ( = 359). Results showed 26 individual matches, mostly between Madeira and the Canary Islands ( = 23), and between Azores and Madeira ( = 3). No matches were found between the Canary Islands and the Azores, nor between Madeira and Sagres. There were no individuals identified in all three archipelagos. The minimum time recorded between sightings in two different archipelagos (≈ 460 km apart) was 62 days. Association patterns revealed that the individuals moving between archipelagos were connected to resident, migrant and transient individuals in Madeira. The higher number of individuals that were re-sighted between Madeira and the Canary Islands can be explained by the relative proximity of these two archipelagos. This study shows the first inter-archipelago movements of bottlenose dolphins in the Macaronesia region, emphasizing the high mobility of this species and supporting the high gene flow described for oceanic dolphins inhabiting the North Atlantic. The dynamics of these long-range movements strongly denotes the need to review marine protected areas established for this species in each archipelago, calling for joint resolutions from three autonomous regions belonging to two EU countries.
普通宽吻海豚（）广泛的连通模式在全球范围内普遍鲜为人知，在东北（NE）大西洋的马卡罗尼西亚海洋群岛中更是如此。本研究旨在通过汇编和比较来自不同地区的宽吻海豚照片识别目录，确定相距500至1500公里的马卡罗尼西亚群岛之间，以及马德拉群岛与葡萄牙大陆架之间的远距离移动情况：一份来自马德拉岛（= 363只个体），两份来自亚速尔群岛的不同区域（= 495只和176只），以及四份来自加那利群岛不同岛屿的目录（= 182只、110只、142只和281只），总计1791张照片。还将马德拉岛的目录与伊比利亚半岛西南端萨格里什的一份目录（= 359只）进行了额外比较。结果显示有26只个体匹配，主要是在马德拉岛和加那利群岛之间（= 23只），以及亚速尔群岛和马德拉岛之间（= 3只）。在加那利群岛和亚速尔群岛之间，以及马德拉岛和萨格里什之间未发现匹配个体。在所有三个群岛中均未识别出个体。在两个不同群岛（相距约460公里）之间记录到的目击间隔最短时间为62天。关联模式表明，在群岛之间移动的个体与马德拉岛的常驻、迁徙和过境个体有联系。马德拉岛和加那利群岛之间重新被目击的个体数量较多，这可以用这两个群岛相对较近的距离来解释。本研究展示了马卡罗尼西亚地区宽吻海豚首次在群岛间的移动，强调了该物种的高流动性，并支持了对栖息在北大西洋的海洋海豚所描述的高基因流。这些远距离移动的动态情况强烈表明，需要重新审视为每个群岛中该物种设立的海洋保护区，呼吁来自两个欧盟国家的三个自治区共同做出决议。
