Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci. 2021 Mar;25(6):2795-2801. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202103_25441.
SARS-CoV-2 has been compared with other strains of coronaviruses, SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, and with the flu viruses: all of them manifest themselves with respiratory symptoms and, although their genetic patterns are similar, the spread of SARS-CoV-2 infection has quickly reached global dimensions, demonstrating that SARS-CoV-2 is a virus with greater spreading capacity, albeit less lethal. Compared with influenza viruses, coronaviruses have a longer incubation period and the patients with coronaviruses' syndromes develop more severe diseases requiring frequent hospitalizations and intensive care admissions. The aim was to explore the relationships between seasonal influenza vaccination and coronavirus infection and to understand whether this hypothetic role by the flu vaccines modifies SARS-CoV-2 infection's outcomes.
In this retrospective, multicenter study, we enrolled 952 patients diagnosed with SARS-CoV-2 infection; 448 were admitted to our two main hospitals in Ferrara territory, while the remaining 504 were isolated at home. We compared the group of patients who had been vaccinated for influenza in the previous 12 months to that of unvaccinated patients.
Significant differences were found for both the need for hospitalization and 30-day mortality between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients. We found age to be the only independent risk factor for a worse 30-day prognosis, while gender, influenza vaccinations and age itself were independent risk factors for undergoing hospitalization.
In our groups of patients, we found a relationship between seasonal influenza vaccinations and SARS-CoV-2 infection. Age seems to be the main risk factor for short-term mortality in COVID-19 inpatients, while the influenza vaccination is, together with gender and age itself, a determining factor in predicting the need for hospitalization.
SARS-CoV-2 与其他冠状病毒株（SARS-CoV 和 MERS-CoV）以及流感病毒进行了比较：它们均表现出呼吸道症状，尽管它们的遗传模式相似，但 SARS-CoV-2 感染的传播迅速达到了全球范围，表明 SARS-CoV-2 是一种具有更强传播能力的病毒，尽管其致命性较低。与流感病毒相比，冠状病毒的潜伏期更长，且冠状病毒综合征患者的病情更为严重，需要经常住院和入住重症监护病房。本研究旨在探讨季节性流感疫苗接种与冠状病毒感染之间的关系，并了解流感疫苗是否会改变 SARS-CoV-2 感染的结果。
本回顾性多中心研究纳入了 952 例确诊为 SARS-CoV-2 感染的患者；其中 448 例在我们在费拉拉地区的两家主要医院住院治疗，其余 504 例在家中隔离。我们比较了过去 12 个月内接种过流感疫苗的患者组和未接种疫苗的患者组。
接种组和未接种组患者的住院需求和 30 天死亡率存在显著差异。我们发现年龄是 30 天预后不良的唯一独立危险因素，而性别、流感疫苗接种和年龄本身是住院的独立危险因素。
在我们的患者组中，我们发现季节性流感疫苗接种与 SARS-CoV-2 感染之间存在关联。年龄似乎是 COVID-19 住院患者短期死亡率的主要危险因素，而流感疫苗接种与性别和年龄本身一起，是预测住院需求的决定因素。
