School of Medical and Life Sciences/Reproductive & Women-children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China.
School of Medical and Life Sciences/Reproductive & Women-children Hospital, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, PR China.
Int Immunopharmacol. 2021 Jul;96:107607. doi: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107607. Epub 2021 Apr 5.
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumours of the digestive system, and most patients are already in an advanced stage at the time of diagnosis. Moreover, current single-use immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), such as programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors, are only effective for some advanced CRC patients with microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H), and most patients may be unable to benefit from it due to a lack of CD8 T cells in the tumour microenvironment. Additionally, the subtype of CRC has emerged as a factor affecting treatment responses, with immunogenic subtypes carrying a better prognosis. In this review, we discuss bottlenecks encountered with the single use of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors and summarize the research status and mechanisms of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based immunotherapeutic amplification strategies, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, photomediated therapy and other immunotherapies used for colorectal cancer.
结直肠癌（CRC）是消化系统最常见的恶性肿瘤之一，大多数患者在诊断时已处于晚期。此外，目前的单用途免疫检查点抑制剂（ICI），如程序性细胞死亡-1（PD-1）和程序性细胞死亡配体 1（PD-L1）抑制剂，仅对一些具有微卫星不稳定性高（MSI-H）的晚期 CRC 患者有效，由于肿瘤微环境中缺乏 CD8 T 细胞，大多数患者可能无法从中受益。此外，CRC 的亚型已成为影响治疗反应的一个因素，具有免疫原性的亚型具有更好的预后。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了单用途 PD-1/PD-L1 抑制剂所遇到的瓶颈，并总结了基于 PD-1/PD-L1 抑制剂的免疫治疗放大策略的研究现状和机制，包括化疗、放疗、光介导治疗和其他用于结直肠癌的免疫疗法。
