Department of Neurology, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey.
Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Sancaktepe Education and Research Hospital Ministry of Health Sancaktepe Sehit Prof.Dr. Ilhan Varank Training And Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey.
Eur Neurol. 2021;84(3):175-182. doi: 10.1159/000514433. Epub 2021 Apr 8.
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory, neurodegenerative, demyelinating disease that causes cognitive, olfactory, and other neurological dysfunctions. Radiologically Isolated Syndrome (RIS), in which only radiological findings are monitored, is accepted as the preclinical stage of demyelinating disease and is considered an important period for disease pathology. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the olfactory and cognitive functions and their clinical correlation in RIS and Relapsing-Remitting MS (RRMS) patients and a healthy control group.
Our study included 10 RRMS patients, 10 RIS patients, and 10 healthy controls. We conducted an olfactor evaluation via the "Sniffin' Sticks" test. The subjects underwent a neuropsychometric test battery to evaluate cognitive functions, including memory, visuospatial, and executive functions. Depression was evaluated using the Beck depression scale. Fatigue and daily life activity were evaluated using the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36), respectively. Disability assessment was done with the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS).
RRMS and RIS patients' olfactory test scores were significantly different from those in the control group (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the odor threshold scores of patients in the RRMS and RIS groups. There was a significant correlation between memory-oriented cognitive tests and olfactory tests in the RRMS and RIS groups.
Olfactory dysfunction can be seen in RIS patients, like in RRMS patients. Cognitive and olfactory dysfunction may be together a sign of degeneration in demyelinating diseases.
多发性硬化症（MS）是一种神经炎症性、神经退行性、脱髓鞘疾病，可导致认知、嗅觉和其他神经功能障碍。仅监测影像学表现的孤立综合征（RIS）被认为是脱髓鞘疾病的临床前阶段，被认为是疾病病理的重要时期。因此，在这项研究中，我们旨在评估 RIS 和复发缓解型多发性硬化症（RRMS）患者及健康对照组的嗅觉和认知功能及其临床相关性。
我们的研究纳入了 10 例 RRMS 患者、10 例 RIS 患者和 10 例健康对照者。我们通过“Sniffin' Sticks”测试进行嗅觉评估。受试者接受神经心理测试套件以评估认知功能，包括记忆、视空间和执行功能。使用贝克抑郁量表评估抑郁。使用疲劳严重程度量表（FSS）和 36 项简明健康状况调查（SF-36）分别评估疲劳和日常生活活动。使用扩展残疾状况量表（EDSS）评估残疾。
RRMS 和 RIS 患者的嗅觉测试评分明显低于对照组（p<0.05）。RRMS 和 RIS 组患者的气味阈分值存在显著差异。RRMS 和 RIS 组的记忆导向认知测试与嗅觉测试之间存在显著相关性。
RIS 患者可出现嗅觉功能障碍，与 RRMS 患者相似。认知和嗅觉功能障碍可能是脱髓鞘疾病退变的共同标志。
