College of Pharmacy, Dankook University, Cheonan, Chungnam, South Korea.
Department of Bio Health Science, College of Natural Science, Changwon National University, Changwon, Gyeongnam, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do, South Korea.
J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev. 2021 May 19;24(4):137-161. doi: 10.1080/10937404.2021.1907264. Epub 2021 Apr 8.
Risk assessment of cosmetic ingredients is a useful scientific method to characterize potential adverse effects resulting from using cosmetics. The process of risk assessment consists of four steps: hazard identification, dose-response assessment, exposure assessment, and risk characterization. Hazard identification of chemicals refers to the initial stage of risk assessment and generally utilizes animal studies to evaluate toxicity. Since 2013, however, toxicity studies of cosmetic ingredients using animals have not been permitted in the EU and alternative toxicity test methods for animal studies have momentum to be developed for cosmetic ingredients. In this paper, we briefly review the alternative test methods that are available for cosmetic ingredients including read-across, , and methods. In addition, new technologies such as omics and artificial intelligence (AI) have been discussed to expand or improve the knowledge and hazard identification of cosmetic ingredients. Aggregate exposure of cosmetic ingredients is another safety issue and methods for its improvement were reviewed. There have been concerns over the safety of nano-cosmetics for a long time, but the risk of nano-cosmetics remains unclear. Therefore, current issues of cosmetic risk assessment are discussed and expert opinion will be provided for the safety of cosmetics.
化妆品成分风险评估是一种有用的科学方法，可用于描述使用化妆品可能产生的潜在不良反应。风险评估过程包括四个步骤：危害识别、剂量-反应评估、暴露评估和风险特征描述。化学品的危害识别是风险评估的初始阶段，通常利用动物研究来评估毒性。然而，自 2013 年以来，在欧盟已经不允许使用动物进行化妆品成分的毒性研究，并且正在积极开发用于动物研究的化妆品成分替代毒性测试方法。本文简要回顾了现有的化妆品成分替代测试方法，包括同类物质推断、体外试验和计算毒理学方法。此外，还讨论了新的技术，如组学和人工智能（AI），以扩展或改进化妆品成分的知识和危害识别。化妆品成分的综合暴露是另一个安全问题，也对其改善方法进行了综述。长期以来，人们一直关注纳米化妆品的安全性，但纳米化妆品的风险仍不清楚。因此，本文讨论了当前化妆品风险评估的问题，并为化妆品的安全性提供了专家意见。
