The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America.
Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States of America; New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, United States of America.
Blood Rev. 2021 Sep;49:100829. doi: 10.1016/j.blre.2021.100829. Epub 2021 Mar 24.
Relapse in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is common, especially in older patients, and there is currently no standard of care maintenance therapy for those who achieve complete remission. Finding effective, tolerable maintenance therapy to prolong remission has been a goal for decades, but early clinical trials testing a variety of agents demonstrated disappointing results with no overall survival benefit. CC-486, an oral hypomethylating agent, was recently approved in the United States for maintenance treatment in patients with AML in first remission following chemotherapy. A number of ongoing studies are assessing various therapeutics in the maintenance setting, including other hypomethylating agents, targeted small-molecule inhibitors, monoclonal antibodies, and immunomodulators. New strategies are needed to identify patients most likely to benefit from maintenance therapy, including those for whom a preemptive approach reliant on monitoring of measurable residual disease would be advantageous.
急性髓系白血病（AML）的复发很常见，尤其是在老年患者中，目前对于那些达到完全缓解的患者，并没有标准的维持治疗方案。几十年来，寻找有效且耐受良好的维持治疗以延长缓解期一直是目标，但早期临床试验测试了多种药物，结果令人失望，没有总生存获益。口服低甲基化药物 CC-486 最近在美国获得批准，可用于化疗后首次缓解的 AML 患者的维持治疗。目前正在进行多项研究，评估维持治疗中的各种治疗方法，包括其他低甲基化药物、靶向小分子抑制剂、单克隆抗体和免疫调节剂。需要新的策略来确定最有可能从维持治疗中获益的患者，包括那些预先监测可测量残留疾病并依赖于该监测的患者，这将是有利的。
