Department of Chemical Engineering, Haramaya Institute of Technology, Haramaya University, Haramaya, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.
Department of Botany, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem-636007, Tamil Nadu, India.
Bioresour Technol. 2021 Jul;331:125054. doi: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125054. Epub 2021 Mar 29.
Recently, much research has been carried out to find a suitable catalyst for the transesterification process during biodiesel production where heterogeneous catalysts play a crucial role. As homogenous catalysts present drawbacks such as slow reaction rate, high-cost due to the use of food grade oils, problems associated with separation process, and environmental pollution, heterogenous catalysts are more preferred. Animal shells and bones are the biowastes suitably calcined for the synthesis of heterogenous base catalyst. The catalysts synthesized using organic wastes are environmentally friendly, and cost-effective. The present review is dedicated to synthesis of heterogeneous basic catalysts from the natural resources or biowastes in biodiesel production through transesterification of oils. Use of calcined catalysts for converting potential feedstocks (vegetable oils and animal fat) into biodiesel/FAME is effective and safe, and the yield could be improved over 98%. There is a vast scope for biowaste-derived catalysts in green production of biofuel.
最近，人们进行了大量的研究，以寻找适合生物柴油生产过程中酯交换反应的催化剂，其中多相催化剂起着至关重要的作用。由于均相催化剂存在反应速率慢、使用食品级油导致成本高、分离过程相关问题以及环境污染等缺点，因此多相催化剂更受欢迎。动物壳和骨骼经过适当煅烧后可用于合成多相碱性催化剂。使用有机废物合成的催化剂具有环境友好性和成本效益。本综述致力于通过油的酯交换反应，从天然资源或生物废料中合成用于生物柴油生产的多相碱性催化剂。煅烧催化剂用于将潜在的原料（植物油和动物脂肪）转化为生物柴油/FAME 是有效且安全的，产率可提高到 98%以上。生物废料衍生催化剂在生物燃料的绿色生产中有广阔的应用前景。
