Jones Brittany R, Kelley Amanda L, Mincks Sarah L
College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences, University of Alaska Fairbanks, AK 99775, USA.
Conserv Physiol. 2021 Mar 31;9(1):coab007. doi: 10.1093/conphys/coab007. eCollection 2021.
Changes in species composition and biomass of Arctic benthic communities are predicted to occur in response to environmental changes associated with oceanic warming and sea-ice loss. Such changes will likely impact ecosystem function, including flows of energy and organic material through the Arctic marine food web. Oxygen consumption rates can be used to quantify differences in metabolic demand among species and estimate the effects of shifting community structure on benthic carbon consumption. Closed-system respirometry using non-invasive oxygen optodes was conducted onboard the in June 2017 and 2018 on six dominant species of benthic macrofauna from the northern Bering and southern Chukchi Sea shelves, including five bivalve species ( sp, , sp, and ) and one amphipod species (). Results revealed species-specific respiration rates with high metabolic demand for and compared to that of the other species. For a hypothetical 0.1-g ash-free dry mass individual, the standard metabolic rate of would be 4.3 times higher than that of sp. Overall, carbon demand ranged from 8 to 475 μg C individual day for the species and sizes of individuals measured. The allometric scaling of respiration rate with biomass also varied among species. The scaling coefficient was similar for , and sp., while it was high for and low for sp. These results suggest that observed shifts in spatial distribution of the dominant macrofaunal taxa across this region will impact carbon demand of the benthic community. Hence, ecosystem models seeking to incorporate benthic system functionality may need to differentiate between communities that exhibit different oxygen demands.
预计北极底栖生物群落的物种组成和生物量会随着与海洋变暖和海冰流失相关的环境变化而发生改变。此类变化可能会影响生态系统功能，包括能量和有机物质在北极海洋食物网中的流动。氧气消耗率可用于量化物种间代谢需求的差异，并估计群落结构变化对底栖生物碳消耗的影响。2017年6月和2018年在船上使用非侵入性氧光学传感器进行了封闭系统呼吸测定，对象是来自白令海北部和楚科奇海南部陆架的六种主要底栖大型动物，包括五种双壳类物种（ 种、 种、 种、 种和 种）和一种端足类物种（ 种）。结果显示了物种特异性呼吸率，与其他物种相比， 和 具有较高的代谢需求。对于一个假设的0.1克无灰干质量个体， 的标准代谢率将比 种高4.3倍。总体而言，所测量的物种和个体大小的碳需求量在8至475微克碳/个体·天之间。呼吸率与生物量的异速生长缩放也因物种而异。 、 和 种的缩放系数相似，而 种的缩放系数较高， 种的缩放系数较低。这些结果表明，该区域优势大型动物类群空间分布的观察到的变化将影响底栖生物群落的碳需求。因此，试图纳入底栖系统功能的生态系统模型可能需要区分表现出不同氧气需求的群落。
