Women's Bureau, U.S. Department of Labor, Washington, DC, USA.
Maryland Population Research Center, University of Maryland, College Park, College Park, MD, USA.
Demography. 2021 Apr 1;58(2):451-470. doi: 10.1215/00703370-8997420.
Married mothers who relocate are less likely to be employed after an interstate move than married childless women and nonmobile mothers. Here, we ask whether moving to a state with more expensive childcare is associated with lower odds of maternal employment among mothers who had been employed prior to relocation. We use hierarchical binomial logistic regression models, combining data from the 2015 American Community Survey five-year sample and state-level childcare costs to assess married mothers' employment following an interstate move, controlling for states' economic conditions. We show that employment odds for married mothers were about 42% lower than those for childless married women in the year following a move. Married mothers who moved to more expensive childcare states had odds of employment that were 18% lower than those of married mothers who moved to less expensive childcare states, showing that childcare accessibility shapes mothers' employment decisions even among those with stronger labor force attachment. Moving back to respondents' or their spouses' state of birth and moving to states with more favorable economic conditions improved odds of employment as well. Overall, we show that moving to states with fewer childcare barriers is associated with higher levels of maternal employment, partly mitigating the negative labor market effects of interstate migration.
与已婚无子女女性和未迁移母亲相比，迁移后的已婚母亲从事雇佣工作的可能性更低。在这里，我们研究了在迁移到托儿费用更高的州是否会降低有迁移前工作经历的母亲的就业几率。我们使用分层二项逻辑回归模型，结合 2015 年美国社区调查五年样本和州级儿童保育费用的数据，在控制各州经济条件的情况下，评估了已婚母亲在州际迁移后的就业情况。结果表明，迁移后的已婚母亲的就业几率比已婚无子女女性低约 42%。与迁移到托儿费用较低的州的已婚母亲相比，迁移到托儿费用较高的州的已婚母亲的就业几率低 18%，这表明即使是那些劳动力联系更强的母亲，儿童保育的可及性也会影响其就业决策。搬回受访者或其配偶的出生地以及搬往经济条件较好的州也会提高就业几率。总体而言，我们发现迁移到儿童保育障碍较少的州与更高水平的母亲就业相关联，部分缓解了州际迁移对劳动力市场的负面影响。
