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CPPM, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS/IN2P3, Marseille, France.
Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma, USA.
Phys Rev Lett. 2021 Mar 26;126(12):122301. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.126.122301.
The first measurement of longitudinal decorrelations of harmonic flow amplitudes v_{n} for n=2-4 in Xe+Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.44 TeV is obtained using 3 μb^{-1} of data with the ATLAS detector at the LHC. The decorrelation signal for v_{3} and v_{4} is found to be nearly independent of collision centrality and transverse momentum (p_{T}) requirements on final-state particles, but for v_{2} a strong centrality and p_{T} dependence is seen. When compared with the results from Pb+Pb collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.02 TeV, the longitudinal decorrelation signal in midcentral Xe+Xe collisions is found to be larger for v_{2}, but smaller for v_{3}. Current hydrodynamic models reproduce the ratios of the v_{n} measured in Xe+Xe collisions to those in Pb+Pb collisions but fail to describe the magnitudes and trends of the ratios of longitudinal flow decorrelations between Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb. The results on the system-size dependence provide new insights and an important lever arm to separate effects of the longitudinal structure of the initial state from other early and late time effects in heavy-ion collisions.
利用大型强子对撞机（LHC）上的ATLAS探测器，通过3 μb⁻¹的数据，首次测量了在√[sNN]=5.44 TeV的Xe+Xe碰撞中n = 2 - 4时谐波流幅度vn的纵向去相关。发现v₃和v₄的去相关信号几乎与碰撞中心度以及对末态粒子的横向动量（pT）要求无关，但对于v₂，观察到强烈的中心度和pT依赖性。与√[sNN]=5.02 TeV的Pb+Pb碰撞结果相比，发现在中等中心度的Xe+Xe碰撞中，v₂的纵向去相关信号更大，而v₃的则更小。当前的流体动力学模型再现了Xe+Xe碰撞中测量的vn与Pb+Pb碰撞中vn的比值，但未能描述Xe+Xe和Pb+Pb之间纵向流去相关比值的大小和趋势。关于系统大小依赖性的结果提供了新的见解以及一个重要的杠杆臂，用于区分初始态纵向结构的影响与重离子碰撞中其他早期和晚期效应。
