Brownell C A
Psychology Department, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15260.
Child Dev. 1988 Jun;59(3):675-85.
Toddlers' combinatorial abilities were examined over several behavioral domains as a function of age (20 and 27 months) and task demands (familiarity of components, length of combinations, complexity of combinations, centered/decentered focus of action, behavioral domain). 6 specific domains were represented. Children's combinations were observed during elicited imitation in 4 of the domains (object play, pretense, social play, motor play) and spontaneous production in 2 others (language and peer-directed social overtures). Relative to younger children, older children produced more combinations of at least 2 or 3 discrete behaviors in every domain, including peer interaction, and fewer noncombinatorial behaviors. Consistent relations were also found across domains for production of combinations, that is, children who produced more combinations in one domain also did so in others. Finally, 4 of the 5 manipulated task demands proved to affect performance. Results are discussed in terms of possible age-related constraints on combinatorial skills that operate at a general, cross-domain level during toddlerhood.
研究人员考察了幼儿在多个行为领域的组合能力，这些能力是年龄（20个月和27个月）和任务要求（组件的熟悉程度、组合长度、组合复杂性、行动的中心化/去中心化焦点、行为领域）的函数。研究涵盖了6个特定领域。在4个领域（物体游戏、假装游戏、社交游戏、运动游戏）的诱发模仿过程中观察了儿童的组合情况，在另外2个领域（语言和同伴导向的社交主动行为）观察了自发产生的组合情况。与年幼儿童相比，年长儿童在每个领域（包括同伴互动）中产生至少2种或3种离散行为的组合更多，而非组合行为更少。在组合产生方面，各领域之间也发现了一致的关系，即，在一个领域中产生更多组合的儿童在其他领域也是如此。最后，事实证明，5个被操纵的任务要求中的4个会影响表现。研究结果从幼儿期在一般的跨领域水平上对组合技能可能存在的与年龄相关的限制方面进行了讨论。
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