Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Aug 15;782:146862. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146862. Epub 2021 Mar 31.
On September 14, 2018, Hurricane Florence delivered ~686 mm rainfall to a 106 km watershed in coastal North Carolina, USA. A forested land treatment site comprises one third of the watershed wherein municipal wastewater effluent is spray-irrigated onto 8.9 km of forest. This communication provides insight for land treatment function under excess water duress as well as changes in organic chemical composition in on- and off-site waters before (June 2018) and after (September & December 2018) Hurricane Florence's landfall. We compare the numbers and relative abundances of chemical features detected using suspect screening high resolution mass spectrometry in waste-, ground-, and surface water samples. Values for upstream and receiving waters in September were lower than for sampling events in June and December, indicating an expected dilution effect across the watershed. Chemical diversity was greatest for all surface water samples in December, but only upstream surface water showed a dramatic five-fold increase in relative chemical abundance. Chemical abundance in on-site water and downstream surface water was equal to or lower than the September storm dilution effect. These data suggest that the land treatment system is functionally and hydrologically robust to extreme storm events and contributed to dilution of upstream chemical reservoirs for downstream receiving waters for months after the storm. Similar systems may embody one water reuse strategy robust to the increasing occurrence of extreme precipitation events.
2018 年 9 月 14 日，飓风“佛罗伦萨”在美国北卡罗来纳州沿海地区的一个 106 公里流域内带来了约 686 毫米的降雨。一个森林土地处理场占据了该流域的三分之一，其中城市废水被喷灌到 8.9 公里长的森林中。本研究旨在了解在过度水胁迫下土地处理的功能以及飓风“佛罗伦萨”登陆前后（2018 年 6 月和 2018 年 9 月和 12 月）场内和场外水体中有机化学成分的变化。我们比较了在废水、地下水和地表水样品中使用可疑筛选高分辨率质谱法检测到的化学特征的数量和相对丰度。9 月的上游和接收水的值低于 6 月和 12 月的采样值，表明整个流域存在预期的稀释效应。12 月所有地表水样品的化学多样性最大，但只有上游地表水的相对化学丰度增加了五倍。现场水和下游地表水的化学丰度与 9 月风暴的稀释效应相当或更低。这些数据表明，土地处理系统在功能和水文上对极端风暴事件具有强大的适应能力，并有助于在风暴发生数月后为下游接收水稀释上游化学物质库。类似的系统可能体现了一种对极端降水事件日益增多具有强大适应能力的水再利用策略。
