Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Arts, Matej Bel University, Banská Bystrica, Slovak Republic.
Department of Physical Education, Grammar School of Andrej Kmeť, Banská Štiavnica, Slovak Republic.
Chronobiol Int. 2021 Aug;38(8):1162-1169. doi: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1912075. Epub 2021 Apr 11.
Chronotype refer to individuals' time-of-day preferences for activities, which can be classified as "morning types = (M-types)", "evening types = (E-types)", and "neither types (N-types)". The primary aim of this study was to compare the chronotype distribution of Czech First League (1L) and Czech National Football League (2L) male elite football players, which was divided into two secondary aims: (i) statistically identify and compare the number (presence) of particular chronotypes in 1L, and (ii) statistically identify and compare the number (presence) of particular chronotypes in 2L. The present cross-sectional study employed a self-reported standardized questionnaire, the Composite Scale of Morningness, to study the chronotype distribution among the male elite football players. The chronotype distribution of 139 (85 from 1L with mean age ± S.D. = 25.5 ± 3.7 years and 54 from 2L age = 24.4 ± 4.5 years) players was assessed. Overall, 61 (71.8%) of the participants from 1L were mainly N-types, followed by M- and E-types. Similarly, 40 (74.1%) participants from 2L were mainly N-types, followed by M- and E-types. The statistical analysis of the 1L players showed a significantly higher presence of N-types compared to M- and E-types ( = 57.62, < .05, = .58). The same results were detected in 2L, where the N-type was identified in the majority of football players = 57.62, .05, = .58). The statistical comparison of the number of presented chronotypes did not show a significant difference ( = 3.29, > .05, = .16) between players of the 1L and 2L. Thus, N-types are dominant among Czech elite football players, and the chronotype distribution of male elite football players from the Czech First League and the Czech National Football League does not vary.
时型是指个体对日常活动的时间偏好，可以分为“晨型（M 型）”“晚型（E 型）”和“非典型（N 型）”。本研究的主要目的是比较捷克甲级联赛（1L）和捷克国家足球联赛（2L）男性精英足球运动员的时型分布，分为两个次要目的：（i）从统计学上确定并比较 1L 中特定时型的数量（存在），（ii）从统计学上确定并比较 2L 中特定时型的数量（存在）。本横断面研究采用自我报告的标准化问卷《综合晨型量表》研究男性精英足球运动员的时型分布。评估了 139 名（1L 有 85 名，平均年龄±标准差=25.5±3.7 岁，2L 有 54 名，年龄=24.4±4.5 岁）球员的时型分布。总体而言，1L 中 61 名（71.8%）参与者主要为 N 型，其次是 M 型和 E 型。同样，2L 中 40 名（74.1%）参与者主要为 N 型，其次是 M 型和 E 型。对 1L 球员的统计分析显示，N 型的存在明显高于 M 型和 E 型（=57.62， <.05，=0.58）。在 2L 中也发现了同样的结果，大多数足球运动员都是 N 型（=57.62，<.05，=0.58）。1L 和 2L 球员呈现的时型数量的统计比较没有显示出显著差异（=3.29，>.05，=0.16）。因此，N 型在捷克精英足球运动员中占主导地位，捷克甲级联赛和捷克国家足球联赛男性精英足球运动员的时型分布没有差异。
