Department of Surgery, Hospital Alemán of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Department of Surgery, Escola Paulista de Medicina, São Paulo, Brazil.
J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A. 2021 May;31(5):546-550. doi: 10.1089/lap.2021.0080. Epub 2021 Apr 12.
Simulation offers the opportunity to practice in a safe, controlled, and standardized environment. Surgical simulation, in particular, is very attractive because it avoids learning and practicing surgical skills in the operating room. Many simulators are currently available such as box-lap trainers, virtual-reality platforms, cadavers, live animals, animal-based tissue blocks, and synthetic/artificial models. Endoscopic interventions can be practiced with high-fidelity virtual simulators. Box-lap trainers help practicing basic laparoscopic skills. Cadavers and live animals offer realism to train entire foregut and bariatric procedures. However, limited availability and high expenses often restrict their use. simulators with animal tissue blocks have been recently developed and appear to be a realistic and cost-effective alternative. Three-dimensional printing and real-time navigation systems have also emerged as promising training tools. Overall, further efforts are needed to develop a formal simulation curriculum with validated simulators for foregut and bariatric surgery.
模拟提供了在安全、可控和标准化的环境中练习的机会。特别是手术模拟非常有吸引力，因为它避免了在手术室中学习和练习手术技能。目前有许多模拟器可供选择，如箱式训练器、虚拟现实平台、尸体、活体动物、基于动物的组织块和合成/人工模型。内窥镜介入可以用高保真度的虚拟模拟器进行练习。箱式训练器有助于练习基本的腹腔镜技能。尸体和活体动物提供了逼真度，可用于培训整个上消化道和减重手术。然而，可用性有限和高费用常常限制了它们的使用。最近开发了带有动物组织块的模拟器，它们似乎是一种现实且具有成本效益的替代方案。三维打印和实时导航系统也已成为有前途的培训工具。总的来说，需要进一步努力开发一个具有经过验证的模拟器的正式模拟课程，用于上消化道和减重手术。
