Department of Plant Biology and Soil Science, Universidade de Vigo, 36310 , Vigo, Spain.
Área de Edafoloxía e Química Agrícola, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade de Vigo, As Lagoas 1, 32004, Ourense, Spain.
Environ Geochem Health. 2021 Oct;43(10):4283-4297. doi: 10.1007/s10653-021-00900-7. Epub 2021 Apr 13.
Civilian and military shooting range facilities cause environmental issues in several countries due to the accumulation of Potentially Toxic Elements; as a result of weathering of ammunitions accumulated into the soils. The contents and distribution of Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn were analyzed in 12 soils in an abandoned clay target shooting range at two different depths (0-15 and 15-30 cm). Single extractions (CaCl and DTPA) and Tessier sequential extraction were conducted to assess the PTE mobility and the PTE distribution in the different soil geochemical fractions at both depths. High total contents of Pb were found at both soil depths, while Cu, Ni and Zn showed lower significance levels. Copper, Ni and Zn are mainly associated with the residual fraction (> 95% of total content in all cases). However, Pb was highly associated with exchangeable fractions (21-52%), showing a high mobility at both depths. With moderate-high contents of organic matter (6-12%), the studied soils have acidic values and low levels of Al, Fe and Mn oxides that favors the migration of Pb through the soil profile and potential transformation to more mobile forms (Pb to Pb and Pb). Although Pb reduced downward mobility in soils, due to the specific conditions of these facilities and the lead source (weathering of ammunition), risk assessment studies on clay-target shooting and firing range facilities should study the potential migration of Pb through the soil profile.
由于弹药在土壤中的积累而风化，民用和军用射击场设施会在多个国家造成潜在有毒元素的环境问题。在两个不同深度（0-15 和 15-30cm）的废弃粘土靶场 12 个土壤中分析了 Cu、Ni、Pb 和 Zn 的含量和分布。进行了单提取（CaCl 和 DTPA）和 Tessier 连续提取，以评估 PTE 在不同土壤地球化学馏分中的迁移性和 PTE 分布。在两个土壤深度都发现了高含量的 Pb，但 Cu、Ni 和 Zn 的意义水平较低。铜、镍和锌主要与残余物（所有情况下均超过总含量的 95%）有关。然而，Pb 高度与可交换物有关（21-52%），在两个深度都具有高迁移性。受中等高含量有机物（6-12%）的影响，研究土壤具有酸性值和低水平的 Al、Fe 和 Mn 氧化物，这有利于 Pb 通过土壤剖面迁移和潜在转化为更具移动性的形式（Pb 到 Pb 和 Pb）。尽管 Pb 降低了土壤中向下的迁移性，但由于这些设施的特定条件和铅源（弹药风化），粘土靶射击和射击场设施的风险评估研究应研究 Pb 通过土壤剖面的潜在迁移。
