Laboratory and Veterinarian Health Program, Department of Veterinary Medicine, Pertek Sakine Genc Vocational School, Munzur University, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey.
Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Munzur University, 62000, Tunceli, Turkey.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Aug;28(32):44442-44451. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13925-3. Epub 2021 Apr 13.
This study aimed to reveal the toxic characteristics of di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) by examining the biochemical and histopathological changes in Gammarus pulex, exposed to different doses of DEHP. For this purpose, the lethal concentration 50 (LC) value of the DEHP was determined by using a static test and found to be 0.079 ± 0.01 ppm. Three subletal doses of DEHP were applied to the G. pulex for 24 and 96 h. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were measured using commercial ELISA kits. The caspase method, which is an immunohistochemical analysis method, was used to determine the apoptosis that occurred in the G. pulex. The results showed that the CYP1A1 activities decreased in the groups exposed to different doses of DEHP compared to the control group (p > 0.05). CAT activity was found to increase in the application groups at the 24 and 96 h compared to the control group. In addition, it was found that SOD and GST activities increased at the 96 h compared to the control group. In light of the microscope examination of the model organism, hemolymphatic lacunae filled with hemolymph and reduction or absence of hemolymphatic ducts were observed especially in the G. pulex gills. Collapse of the gills and hyperplasia were observed after 96 h. As a result, it is suggested that changes in SOD, CAT, and GST activities can potentially be used as sensitive biomarkers for risk assessment in the environment and increased immunoreactivity in G. pulex caused by DEHP depending on increased application doses and application times.
本研究旨在通过检测不同剂量 DEHP（邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯）暴露对日本沼虾（Gammarus pulex）生化和组织病理学变化，揭示 DEHP 的毒性特征。为此，采用静态试验法测定 DEHP 的半数致死浓度（LC）值，结果为 0.079 ± 0.01 ppm。将 3 个亚致死剂量的 DEHP 应用于 G. pulex 24 h 和 96 h。采用商业 ELISA 试剂盒测定超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、细胞色素 P450 1A1（CYP1A1）和谷胱甘肽 S-转移酶（GST）的活性。采用 caspase 法（一种免疫组织化学分析方法）测定 G. pulex 中的细胞凋亡情况。结果表明，与对照组相比，暴露于不同剂量 DEHP 的各组 CYP1A1 活性降低（p > 0.05）。与对照组相比，在应用组中，CAT 活性在 24 h 和 96 h 时均升高。此外，发现 SOD 和 GST 活性在 96 h 时均高于对照组。从模型生物的显微镜检查来看，在 G. pulex 的血腔中观察到充满血液的血腔和血液导管的减少或缺失，特别是在鳃中。在 96 h 后观察到鳃塌陷和增生。因此，建议 SOD、CAT 和 GST 活性的变化可能被用作环境风险评估的敏感生物标志物，并且 DEHP 导致 G. pulex 的免疫反应性增加，这取决于增加的应用剂量和应用时间。
