Dept. of Civil, Architectural and Environmental Engineering, University of Naples Federico II, Italy.
Italian Institute of Geophysics and Vulcanology (INGV), Italy; CNR-IRISS, Naples, Italy.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Aug 15;782:146811. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146811. Epub 2021 Apr 5.
Bagnoli Coroglio is an urban district of the City of Naples (South Italy), which fronts the Tyrrhenian Sea for nearly 3 km. It is part of the Campi Flegrei caldera, one of the most explosive volcanic areas in Europe. The need for redeveloping the site after the intense industrial activities of the twentieth century has prompted a remarkable research effort to investigate the pollution's degree, nature, and extent at both the land and seafloor. This article focuses on releasing thermal waters from a natural channel as a source of arsenic contamination in the Bagnoli marine sediments; the thermal waters originate from the nearby Agnano hot-springs and have been conveying artificially to the track since the mid-XIX century. As a first part of the outcomes, the work describes the flow regime that characterizes the marine area. The analysis has been conducted via numerical simulations carried out with the software package Delft3D, developed by Deltares, which employs dynamically interfacing modules to account for wave propagation, generation of currents, and presence of coastal structures. Climatic inputs to the software (waves, winds, and tide) have specifically been gathered and analyzed within this research. The numerical study has permitted to furnish, for the first time, a clear and systematic view of the hydrodynamic forcings that characterize the area under investigation. In particular, a leading role in the transport of pollutants could be played by rip current systems, whose characteristics vary with climate intensity (waves and wind) and coastal structures characteristics. Due to its inherently dynamic nature, the proposed approach seems especially desirable in situations where different contamination sources are compared. As such, it could be successfully applied to other sites also.
巴尼奥利-科罗廖是意大利那不勒斯市的一个城区，面向近 3 公里长的第勒尼安海。它是欧洲最具爆炸性的火山地区之一——坎皮弗莱格雷火山口的一部分。由于二十世纪激烈的工业活动，该地区需要进行再开发，因此人们进行了大量研究，以调查土地和海底的污染程度、性质和范围。本文主要关注从天然渠道释放的热水如何成为巴尼奥利海洋沉积物砷污染的源头；这些热水来自附近的阿格诺温泉，自 19 世纪中叶以来，它们一直被人工输送到这条通道。作为研究成果的第一部分，该工作描述了海洋区域的水流状况。分析是通过使用由 Deltares 开发的 Delft3D 软件包进行数值模拟来进行的，该软件包采用动态接口模块来考虑波浪传播、水流生成和沿海结构的存在。软件中的气候输入（波浪、风和潮汐）是在本研究中专门收集和分析的。数值研究首次提供了一个清晰和系统的视角，了解了研究区域的水动力作用力。特别是，激流系统可能在污染物的运输中起主要作用，其特征随气候强度（波浪和风力）和沿海结构特征而变化。由于其固有的动态性质，该方法似乎特别适合于比较不同污染源的情况。因此，它也可以成功应用于其他地点。
