School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China.
School of Land Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, 100083, China; Key Laboratory of Land Consolidation and Rehabilitation, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, 100035, China; Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Restoration in Mining Areas, Ministry of Natural Resources, Beijing, 100083, China.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Jul 1;289:112562. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112562. Epub 2021 Apr 10.
Vegetation restoration is an important way to improve the sustainability of the ecosystem in the hilly Loess Plateau. The variation of vegetation coverage, caused by the combined effects of meteorological factors and human activities, reflects the succession trend of regional ecosystems. Given the complexity and the diversity of landform in the hilly Loess Plateau, vegetation restoration is more affected by topographic factors. Nevertheless, few studies have considered the characteristics and trends of vegetation restoration under different micro-topographic types in the long-time series. From the perspective of ecological resilience based on the fractional vegetation cover (FVC), the trend, the hurst exponent, and the geographical spatial research were used to analyze the variation and future sustainability of vegetation restoration on different micro-topographic types for 20 years. Besides, the spatial autocorrelation, principal component analysis (PCA) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) were applied to identify the driving factors of vegetation restoration. The results showed: (1) the average of the overall regional vegetation coverage was 61.32%, and only 0.95% of the regional vegetation was degraded in the past 20 years. However, in the future, 69.87% of the area would be degraded from improvement, and 0.52% would be significantly decreased; (2) the vegetation coverage in descending order was as follows: ridge area with shady and steep slope, gully area with shady and steep slope, ridge area with sunny and steep slope, gully area with sunny and steep slope, gully area with shady and gentle slope, ridge area with shady and gentle slope, ridge area with sunny and gentle slope, gully area with sunny and gentle slope, valley area; (3) the difference of vegetation degradation among micro-topography was remarkable, and the valley area and gully area with sunny and steep slope have the greatest decrease; (4) the primary factors affecting vegetation restoration in the hilly Loess Plateau were temperature, moisture, soil quality, and social economical condition, and the dominant factors were various under different micro-topographic types and villages. Therefore, it is necessary to adjust ecological engineering measures by comprehensively considering the regional differences among dominant factors of vegetation restoration.
植被恢复是提高黄土丘陵区生态系统可持续性的重要途径。植被覆盖度的变化是气象因素和人类活动综合作用的结果，反映了区域生态系统的演替趋势。考虑到黄土丘陵区地形的复杂性和多样性，植被恢复受地形因素的影响更大。然而，很少有研究考虑在长时间序列下不同微地形类型下植被恢复的特征和趋势。本研究基于分维植被覆盖度（FVC），从生态恢复力的角度出发，采用趋势分析、hurst 指数和地理空间研究方法，分析了 20 年来不同微地形类型植被恢复的变化和未来可持续性。此外，还应用空间自相关、主成分分析（PCA）和地理加权回归（GWR）来识别植被恢复的驱动因素。结果表明：（1）整体区域植被覆盖度的平均值为 61.32%，在过去 20 年中，只有 0.95%的区域植被退化。然而，在未来，将有 69.87%的区域从改善转为退化，0.52%的区域将显著减少；（2）植被覆盖度的顺序为：阴坡陡坡的梁区、阴坡陡坡的沟区、阳坡陡坡的梁区、阳坡陡坡的沟区、阴坡缓坡的沟区、阴坡缓坡的梁区、阳坡缓坡的梁区、阳坡缓坡的沟区、谷区；（3）微地形之间植被退化的差异显著，沟区和阳坡陡坡区的下降幅度最大；（4）影响黄土丘陵区植被恢复的主要因素是温度、湿度、土壤质量和社会经济条件，而不同微地形类型和村庄的主导因素也各不相同。因此，有必要综合考虑植被恢复主导因素的区域差异，调整生态工程措施。
