昆虫性发育和性二型现象的演化。
Evolution of sexual development and sexual dimorphism in insects.
机构信息
Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
出版信息
Curr Opin Genet Dev. 2021 Aug;69:129-139. doi: 10.1016/j.gde.2021.02.011. Epub 2021 Apr 10.
Most animal species consist of two distinct sexes. At the morphological, physiological, and behavioral levels the differences between males and females are numerous and dramatic, yet at the genomic level they are often slight or absent. This disconnect is overcome because simple genetic differences or environmental signals are able to direct the sex-specific expression of a shared genome. A canonical picture of how this process works in insects emerged from decades of work on Drosophila. But recent years have seen an explosion of molecular-genetic and developmental work on a broad range of insects. Drawing these studies together, we describe the evolution of sexual dimorphism from a comparative perspective and argue that insect sex determination and differentiation systems are composites of rapidly evolving and highly conserved elements.
大多数动物物种由两个截然不同的性别组成。在形态、生理和行为水平上，雄性和雌性之间存在许多显著的差异，但在基因组水平上，这些差异往往很小或不存在。这种不匹配是通过简单的遗传差异或环境信号来克服的，这些信号能够指导共享基因组的性别特异性表达。这一过程在昆虫中的作用机制的典型图像是通过几十年对果蝇的研究得出的。但近年来，对广泛的昆虫进行了分子遗传和发育方面的大量工作。我们将这些研究结合起来，从比较的角度描述了性二态性的进化，并认为昆虫的性别决定和分化系统是快速进化和高度保守元素的组合。
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