Department of Medicine and Medical Specialities, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain.
Ramón y Cajal Institute of Healthcare Research (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
Int J Med Sci. 2021 Mar 3;18(9):1921-1934. doi: 10.7150/ijms.54052. eCollection 2021.
Chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) is one of the most common vascular pathologies worldwide. One of the risk factors for the development of CVI is aging, which is why it is related to senile changes. The main trigger of the changes that occur in the venous walls in CVI is blood flow reflux, which produces increased hydrostatic pressure, leading to valve incompetence. The cellular response is one of the fundamental processes in vascular diseases, causing the activation of cell signalling pathways such as c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Metabolic changes and calcifications occur in vascular pathology as a result of pathophysiological processes. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of JNK in venous disease and its relationship with the role played by the molecules involved in the osteogenic processes in venous tissue calcification. This was a cross-sectional study that analyzed the greater saphenous vein wall in 110 patients with (R) and without venous reflux (NR), classified according to age. Histopathological techniques were used and protein expression was analysed using immunohistochemistry techniques for JNK and markers of osteogenesis (RUNX2, osteocalcin (OCN), osteopontin (OPN)). Significantly increased JNK, RUNX2, OCN, OPN and pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) protein expression and the presence of osseous metaplasia and amorphous calcification were observed in younger patients (<50 years) with venous reflux. This study shows for the first time the existence of an osteogenesis process related to the expression of JNK in the venous wall.
慢性静脉功能不全(CVI)是全球最常见的血管病理学之一。CVI 的发展风险因素之一是衰老,这也是其与老年变化相关的原因。CVI 中静脉壁变化的主要触发因素是血流反流,这会导致静水压增加,从而导致瓣膜功能不全。细胞反应是血管疾病的基本过程之一,会导致细胞信号通路如 c-Jun N 末端激酶(JNK)的激活。代谢变化和钙化是血管病理学中由于病理生理过程而发生的。本研究旨在确定 JNK 在静脉疾病中的表达及其与涉及静脉组织钙化中成骨过程的分子所起作用的关系。这是一项横断面研究,分析了 110 例有(R)和无静脉反流(NR)的患者的大隐静脉壁,根据年龄进行分类。使用组织病理学技术,并通过免疫组织化学技术分析 JNK 和成骨标志物(RUNX2、骨钙素(OCN)、骨桥蛋白(OPN))的蛋白表达。在有静脉反流的年轻患者(<50 岁)中,观察到 JNK、RUNX2、OCN、OPN 和色素上皮衍生因子(PEDF)蛋白表达显著增加,以及骨化生和无定形钙化的存在。本研究首次表明静脉壁中存在与 JNK 表达相关的成骨过程。