Van Winkle Bonnylin, DiBrito Sandra R, Amini Neda, Levy Matthew J, Haut Elliott R
Department of General Surgery, Sinai Hospital of Baltimore, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
J Surg Res. 2021 Aug;264:469-473. doi: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.03.015. Epub 2021 Apr 11.
The Stop the Bleed (STB) campaign was developed in part to educate the lay public about hemorrhage control techniques aimed at reducing preventable trauma deaths. Studies have shown this training increases bystanders' confidence and willingness to provide aid. One high-risk group might be better solicited to take the course: individuals who have been a victim of previous trauma, as high rates of recidivism after trauma are well-established. Given this group's risk for recurrent injury, we evaluated their attitudes toward STB concepts.
We surveyed trauma patients admitted to 3 urban trauma centers in Baltimore from January 8, 2020 to March 14, 2020. The survey was terminated prematurely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Trauma patients hospitalized on any inpatient unit were invited to complete the survey via an electronic tablet. The survey asked about demographics, prior exposure to life-threatening hemorrhage and first aid training, and willingness to help a person with major bleeding. The Johns Hopkins IRB approved waiver of consent for this study.
Fifty-six patients completed the survey. The majority of respondents had been hospitalized before (92.9%) and had witnessed severe bleeding (60.7%). The majority had never taken a first aid course (60.7%) nor heard of STB (83.9%). Most respondents would be willing to help someone with severe bleeding form a car crash (98.2%) or gunshot wound (94.6%).
Most patients admitted for trauma had not heard about Stop the Bleed, but stated willingness to respond to someone injured with major bleeding. Focusing STB education on individuals at high-risk for trauma recidivism may be particularly effective in spreading the message and skills of STB.
“止血”（STB）运动的部分目的是向普通公众传授出血控制技术，以减少可预防的创伤死亡。研究表明，这种培训提高了旁观者提供帮助的信心和意愿。有一个高危群体可能更适合被邀请参加该课程：曾遭受过创伤的个人，因为创伤后复发率高已得到充分证实。鉴于该群体再次受伤的风险，我们评估了他们对STB概念的态度。
我们调查了2020年1月8日至2020年3月14日入住巴尔的摩3家城市创伤中心的创伤患者。由于COVID-19大流行，调查提前终止。住院的创伤患者被邀请通过电子平板电脑完成调查。调查询问了人口统计学信息、之前接触危及生命的出血情况和急救培训情况，以及帮助大出血患者的意愿。约翰·霍普金斯大学机构审查委员会批准了本研究无需获得同意的申请。
56名患者完成了调查。大多数受访者之前曾住院（92.9%）且目睹过严重出血（60.7%）。大多数人从未参加过急救课程（60.7%），也从未听说过STB（83.9%）。大多数受访者愿意帮助因车祸（98.2%）或枪伤（94.6%）而严重出血的人。
大多数因创伤入院的患者没有听说过“止血”运动，但表示愿意对大出血受伤者做出反应。将STB教育重点放在创伤复发高危个体上，可能在传播STB信息和技能方面特别有效。
