J Am Pharm Assoc (2003). 2021 Jul-Aug;61(4):382-389.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.japh.2021.03.011. Epub 2021 Mar 26.
Pharmacists have struggled to find time to spend on clinical tasks. As such, regulatory steps have been taken by some states to expand the scope of practice for community pharmacy technicians.
The objective of this study was to determine what settings and characteristics predict pharmacists' comfort levels with technicians giving or receiving verbal prescriptions, performing nonclinical medication therapy management tasks, administering vaccinations, and verifying prescriptions.
This study employed a national Internet-based survey of community pharmacists using a health care marketing research panel. The Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR) was used as a theoretical basis for inquiry, particularly the CFIR domains of "outer setting," "inner setting," and "individual characteristics." As the outcome variable of this study, the respondents were asked to report their comfort levels with technicians performing the 4 advanced tasks. Four multivariable linear regression models identified statistically significant predictors of pharmacists' comfort with each task. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to compare the pharmacists' comfort levels among tasks.
For all 4 tasks, pharmacists who believed that technicians had the ability to complete each task were more comfortable with technicians completing those tasks. In addition, pharmacists with perceptions of stronger technician interest in advanced tasks were found to be more comfortable with technicians taking on more responsibility for all tasks except vaccine administration. Repeated measures ANOVA found that pharmacists' comfort levels differed on all 4 tasks.
This study found that the CFIR domains of inner setting (pharmacy location) and individual characteristics (perceptions of technicians and pharmacist education) affect pharmacists' level of comfort with technicians taking on additional responsibilities, but outer setting variables such as regulations do not. This suggests that pharmacist characteristics may affect the expansion of technician task responsibilities, no matter what state regulations allow.
药剂师一直难以抽出时间从事临床工作。因此，一些州已采取监管措施扩大社区药剂技术员的执业范围。
本研究旨在确定哪些环境和特征可预测药剂师对技术员口头处方、执行非临床药物治疗管理任务、接种疫苗和验证处方的舒适程度。
本研究采用基于互联网的全国性社区药剂师健康医疗市场研究小组调查。实施研究综合框架（CFIR）被用作探究的理论基础，特别是 CFIR 的“外部环境”、“内部环境”和“个体特征”领域。作为本研究的结果变量，要求受访者报告他们对技术员执行 4 项高级任务的舒适程度。使用 4 个多变量线性回归模型确定药剂师对每个任务的舒适程度的统计学显著预测因素。使用重复测量方差分析（ANOVA）比较药剂师对各项任务的舒适程度。
对于所有 4 项任务，认为技术员有能力完成每项任务的药剂师对技术员完成这些任务的舒适程度更高。此外，药剂师认为技术员对高级任务更感兴趣，除疫苗接种外，他们对技术员承担更多责任的所有任务都更感到舒适。重复测量 ANOVA 发现，药剂师对所有 4 项任务的舒适程度存在差异。
本研究发现，CFIR 的内部环境（药房位置）和个体特征（对技术员和药剂师教育的看法）领域影响药剂师对技术员承担更多责任的舒适程度，但外部环境变量（如法规）则不影响。这表明，无论州法规允许与否，药剂师的特征可能会影响扩大技术员的任务职责。
