Puromycin-Modified Silica Microsphere-Based Nascent Proteomics Method for Rapid and Deep Nascent Proteome Profile.

Nascent proteome is crucial in directly revealing how the expression of a gene is regulated on a translation level. In the nascent protein identification, puromycin capture is one of the pivotal methods, but it is still facing the challenge in the deep profiling of nascent proteomes due to the low abundance of most nascent proteins. Here, we describe the synthesis of puromycin-modified silica microspheres (PMSs) as the sorbent of dispersive solid-phase microextraction and the establishment of the PMS-based nascent proteomics (PMSNP) method for efficient capture and analysis of nascent proteins. The modification efficiency of puromycin groups on silica microspheres reached 91.8% through the click reaction. After the optimization and simplification of PMSNP, more than 3500 and 3900 nascent proteins were rapidly identified in HeLa cells and mouse brains within 13.5 h, respectively. The PMSNP method was successfully applied to explore changes in the translation process in a biological stress model, namely, the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated HeLa cells. Biological functional analyses revealed the unique characters of the nascent proteomes and exhibited the superiority of the PMSNP in the identification of low abundance and secreted nascent proteins, thus demonstrating the sensitivity and immediacy of the PMSNP method.