Laboratorio de Química Aplicada y Sustentable, Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Avenida Collao, 1202, PO Box 5-C, Concepción, Chile.
Department of Spatial Planning, School of Environmental Sciences, EULA Center, Universidad de Concepción, Víctor Lamas, 1290, PO Box 160-C., Concepción, Chile; Centro de recursos hídricos para la agricultura y la minería, Fondap CRHIAM, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, PC, 4070411, Chile.
Food Chem Toxicol. 2021 Jun;152:112198. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112198. Epub 2021 Apr 17.
Antibiotics are extensively used for growth promotion purposes in intensive aquaculture. In Chile, the use of antibiotics in salmon farming is excessive, approximately 62 times more than is used in Norway. In the salmon industry, antibiotics such as oxytetracycline (OTC) are administered in the diet, both in the juvenile stage in freshwater and in the fattening process of salmon in marine sectors. We have investigated the fjords of Chile, where many salmon farms are located, searching for fungi able to degrade this tetracycline antibiotic. We have evaluated the OTC degradation ability of the following; Penicillium commune, Epicoccum nigrum, Trichoderma harzianum, Aspergillus terreus and Beauveria bassiana, isolated from sediments in salmon farms from southern Chile. In all these fungal strains, the amount of OTC decreased in the culture medium, as adsorbed in the mycelia, after the third day of exposure. These strains were capable of degrading OTC at remarkable rates up to 78%, by the 15th day. This is the first study showing that the mycelium of these fungal strains has the ability to degrade OTC. We believe the knowledge produced by these results has the potential to serve as a basis for implementing a bioremediation process in the near future.
抗生素在集约化水产养殖中被广泛用于促进生长。在智利，抗生素在鲑鱼养殖中的使用量过高，大约是挪威的 62 倍。在鲑鱼产业中，抗生素如土霉素（OTC）被添加在饲料中，无论是在淡水的幼鱼阶段还是在海洋区域的鲑鱼育肥过程中。我们调查了智利的峡湾，那里有许多鲑鱼养殖场，寻找能够降解这种四环素抗生素的真菌。我们评估了以下几种真菌的 OTC 降解能力：从智利南部鲑鱼养殖场的沉积物中分离出的普通青霉、黑曲霉、哈茨木霉、构巢曲霉和球孢白僵菌。在所有这些真菌菌株中，OTC 的量在暴露后的第三天就会减少，被菌丝吸附在培养基中。这些菌株在第 15 天之前，以高达 78%的显著速率降解 OTC。这是第一项表明这些真菌菌株的菌丝具有降解 OTC 的能力的研究。我们相信，这些结果所产生的知识有可能为未来实施生物修复过程提供依据。
