Temporal accuracy of gait after metronome practice.

Humans readily entrain their movements to a beat, including matching their gait to a prescribed tempo. Rhythmic auditory cueing tasks have been used to enhance stepping behavior in a variety of clinical populations. However, there is limited understanding of how temporal accuracy of gait changes over practice in healthy young adults. In this study, we examined how inter-step interval and cadence deviated from slow, medium, and fast tempos across steps within trials, across trials within blocks, and across two blocks that bookended a period of practice of walking to each tempo. Participants were accurate in matching the tempo at the slow and medium tempos, while they tended to lag behind the beat at the fast tempo. We also found that participants showed no substantial improvement across steps and trials, nor across blocks, suggesting that participants had a robust ability to entrain their gait to the specified metronome tempo. However, we did find that participants habituated to the prescribed tempo, showing self-paced gait that was faster than self-paced baseline gait after the fast tempo, and slower than self-paced baseline gait after the slow tempo. These findings might represent an "after-effect" in the temporal domain, akin to after-effects consistently shown in other sensorimotor tasks. This knowledge of how healthy participants entrain their gait to temporal cues may have important implications in understanding how clinical populations acquire and modify their gait in rhythmic auditory cueing tasks.