Laboratório de Biologia Celular e do Desenvolvimento (LABID), Departamento de Biologia Molecular (DBM), Centro de Ciências Exatas e da Natureza, Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB, Campus I), Cidade Universitária s/n, Castelo Branco, CEP, João Pessoa, PB, 58051-900, Brazil.
Programa de Ecologia e Monitoramento Ambiental (PPGEMA), Universidade Federal da Paraíba (UFPB, Campus IV), Rio Tinto, Paraíba, Brazil.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Sep;28(33):45317-45334. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13907-5. Epub 2021 Apr 16.
The increasing use and disposal of plastics has become a persistent problem in the marine environment, calling for studies that refer to realistic scenarios to understand their effects on biota. Particularly, the understanding about the effects of co-exposure with nanoplastic particles and metals on aquatic organisms is still limited. The present work aimed to investigate the acute toxicity of amino-functionalized polystyrene nanoparticles (PS-NH; 50 nm) as proxy for nanoplastics on brine shrimp Artemia franciscana larvae under different culture conditions and at different stages of development, as well as the combined effect with two reference toxicants - potassium dichromate (KCrO) and copper sulfate (CuSO). Nauplii (instar II or III larval stages) were exposed to different concentrations of PS-NH (0.005 to 5 μg mL) for up to 48 h, with or without agitation in order to mimic a more realistic environmental scenario. Larval mobility and PS-NH accumulation were monitored under microscopy. PS-NH alone showed toxicity only at the highest concentration tested (5 μg mL) regardless the incubation method used (61.2 + 3.1% and 65.0 + 4.5% with and without agitation, respectively). Moreover, instar III stage was the most sensitive to PS-NH exposure (38.2% immobility in 24 h of exposure; 5 μg mL). Evidence of PS-NH retention in the gastrointestinal tract in a concentration- and time-dependent manner was also obtained. Mixtures of PS-NH (0.005 and 5 μg mL) with different concentrations of KCrO increased the immobilization rate of the larvae after 48 h of exposure, when compared to the KCrO alone. Similar results were observed for CuSO in the co-exposure conditions at different concentrations. However, exposing nauplii to a mixture of PS-NH (0.005 μg mL) and CuSO decreased immobilization rate, in comparison to the group exposed to CuSO alone. The present work highlights the potential risk posed by nanoplastics to zooplanktonic species through their interaction with other toxicants.
塑料的使用和处置日益增多，已成为海洋环境中的一个长期问题，需要进行研究以了解其对生物群的影响。特别是，对于纳米塑料颗粒和金属共同暴露对水生生物的影响的理解仍然有限。本工作旨在研究不同培养条件和不同发育阶段下，作为纳米塑料替代品的氨基功能化聚苯乙烯纳米颗粒（PS-NH；50nm）对卤虫 Artemia franciscana 幼虫的急性毒性，以及与两种参考毒物——重铬酸钾（KCrO）和硫酸铜（CuSO）的联合效应。无节幼体（II 或 III 期幼虫阶段）暴露于不同浓度的 PS-NH（0.005 至 5μg mL）中长达 48 小时，可根据需要进行搅拌以模拟更现实的环境场景。在显微镜下监测幼虫的运动性和 PS-NH 的积累。单独的 PS-NH 仅在测试的最高浓度（5μg mL）下显示出毒性，无论使用哪种孵育方法（分别为 61.2±3.1%和 65.0±4.5%）。此外，III 期幼虫对 PS-NH 暴露最敏感（暴露 24 小时后 38.2%的幼虫不能活动）。还获得了 PS-NH 在浓度和时间依赖性方式下在胃肠道中保留的证据。当与 PS-NH（0.005 和 5μg mL）混合时，不同浓度的 KCrO 和 CuSO 在 48 小时暴露后增加了幼虫的固定率，与单独的 KCrO 和 CuSO 相比。在不同浓度的共暴露条件下，对于 CuSO 也观察到了类似的结果。然而，与单独暴露于 CuSO 的组相比，将无节幼体暴露于 PS-NH（0.005μg mL）和 CuSO 的混合物中降低了固定率。本工作强调了纳米塑料通过与其他毒物相互作用对浮游动物物种构成的潜在风险。
