Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
Physiol Plant. 2021 Oct;173(2):568-578. doi: 10.1111/ppl.13427. Epub 2021 May 6.
The growth of the world's population increases the demand for fresh water, food, energy, and technology, which in turn leads to increasing amount of wastewater, produced both by domestic and industrial sources. These different wastewaters contain a wide variety of organic and inorganic compounds which can cause tremendous environmental problems if released untreated. Traditional treatment systems are usually expensive, energy demanding and are often still incapable of solving all challenges presented by the produced wastewaters. Microalgae are promising candidates for wastewater reclamation as they are capable of reducing the amount of nitrogen and phosphate as well as other toxic compounds including heavy metals or pharmaceuticals. Compared to the traditional systems, photosynthetic microalgae require less energy input since they use sunlight as their energy source, and at the same time lower the carbon footprint of the overall reclamation process. This mini-review focuses on recent advances in wastewater reclamation using microalgae. The most common microalgal strains used for this purpose are described as well as the challenges of using wastewater from different origins. We also describe the impact of climate with a particular focus on a Nordic climate.
世界人口的增长增加了对淡水、食物、能源和技术的需求，这反过来又导致了越来越多的废水产生，这些废水既有来自家庭和工业的来源。这些不同的废水中含有各种各样的有机和无机化合物，如果未经处理就排放，会造成巨大的环境问题。传统的处理系统通常昂贵、能源密集，而且往往仍然无法解决所产生的废水带来的所有挑战。微藻是废水回收的有前途的候选者，因为它们能够减少氮和磷以及其他有毒化合物（包括重金属或药物）的含量。与传统系统相比，光合微藻需要的能源输入较少，因为它们利用阳光作为能源，同时降低了整个回收过程的碳足迹。本综述重点介绍了利用微藻进行废水回收的最新进展。描述了为此目的而使用的最常见的微藻菌株，以及使用不同来源的废水所面临的挑战。我们还描述了气候的影响，特别关注北欧气候。
