Wang Tiantian, Yang Jinzhu, Lin Gang, Li Mingzhu, Zhu Ronghua, Yiannikouris Alexandros, Wang Ruiguo, Zhang Yanjiao, Mai Kangsen
The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture), The Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China.
Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology for Agricultural Products, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Apr 13;216:112221. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112221.
Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the most common mycotoxins in animal feed worldwide and causes significant threats to the animal health. Increased use of plant ingredients in aquaculture feeds increased the risk of mycotoxin contamination. To evaluate the effects of dietary deoxynivalenol (DON) on growth performance, immune response and intestinal health of turbot and the mitigation efficacy of yeast cell wall extract (YCWE) toward DON, nine isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated: Diet 1 (control): No DON added; Diets 2-5 or Diets 6-9: 0.5 or 3.0 mg added DON/kg diet + 0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, or 0.4% YCWE, respectively. Results showed that Diet 6 (3 mg/kg DON, 0% YCWE) significantly decreased weight gain, specific growth rate and feed efficiency ratio of fish and reduced immunoglobulin M and complement 4 concentrations in serum. Fish fed Diet 6 presented morphological alterations, lower activity of superoxide dismutase, catalase and total antioxidant capacity but higher malondialdehyde content, lower claudin-4 and occludin expression but higher interleukin-1β expression in intestine. Besides, Diet 6 decreased the abundance of potential helpful bacteria but increased the abundance of potential pathogens in intestine. While, dietary YCWE, especially Diet 8 (3 mg/kg DON, 0.2% YCWE) and 9 (3 mg/kg DON, 0.4% YCWE), markedly improved growth performance and immune response and enhanced the intestinal health of turbot. In conclusion, dietary YCWE could mitigate the toxic effects induced by DON in turbot, and could be used as an effective strategy to control DON contamination in fish feed.
脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）是全球动物饲料中最常见的霉菌毒素之一，对动物健康构成重大威胁。水产养殖饲料中植物性成分使用量的增加，提高了霉菌毒素污染的风险。为了评估日粮脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）对大菱鲆生长性能、免疫反应和肠道健康的影响，以及酵母细胞壁提取物（YCWE）对DON的缓解效果，配制了9种等氮等脂日粮：日粮1（对照）：不添加DON；日粮2 - 5或日粮6 - 9：分别添加0.5或3.0毫克DON/千克日粮 + 0%、0.1%、0.2%或0.4% YCWE。结果表明，日粮6（3毫克/千克DON，0% YCWE）显著降低了鱼的体重增加、特定生长率和饲料效率比，并降低了血清中免疫球蛋白M和补体4的浓度。饲喂日粮6的鱼出现形态改变，超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶活性和总抗氧化能力降低，但丙二醛含量升高；肠道中紧密连接蛋白4和闭合蛋白表达降低，但白细胞介素-1β表达升高。此外，日粮6降低了肠道中潜在有益菌的丰度，但增加了潜在病原菌的丰度。而日粮中的YCWE，尤其是日粮8（3毫克/千克DON，0.2% YCWE）和9（3毫克/千克DON，0.4% YCWE），显著改善了大菱鲆的生长性能和免疫反应，增强了肠道健康。总之，日粮中的YCWE可以减轻DON对大菱鲆的毒性作用，并可作为控制鱼饲料中DON污染的有效策略。
