Contrasting effects of elevated CO and water deficit on two native herbs.

This study investigated the effects of carbon dioxide (CO) enrichment and soil water deficit on the water use efficiency (WUE) and growth of Sanguisorba minor Scop, (salad burnet I and Anthyllis vulneraria L. (kidney vetch), growing in controlled environments. Instantaneous WL E (IWUE) increased in both species in elevated CO , with a higher average increase in unwatered (UW) A. vulneraria over the drying cycle. Total plant WUE of A. vulneraria increased in elevated CO, and under water deficit: the UW plants in elevated CO., had higher WUE and reduced water loss. By contrast, thee was only an effect of water supply on S. minor: total plant WUE increased and water loss decreased in the UV plants in both CO , treatments. Total apparent root length (ARL) of both species increased with CO , enrichment and in UW S. minor total ARL was increased. By contrast, for A. vulneraria, total ARL of UV plants increased in ambient CO , but decreased in elevated CO as compared with well-watered (WW) plants. Shoot dry weight (SDW) and root dry weight increased in both species (WW and UW) with CO . enrichment. For UW S. minor, SDW decreased relative to WW plants in both CO treatments. By contrast, ANOVA showed no significant effect of water supply on SDW of A. vulneraria. Leafier length increased in both species in elevated CO , and decreased following drought. Cell wall tensiometric extensibility (%P) increased in expanding leaves of S. minor in elevated CO., and for both species %P decreased in the UW plants as compared with those WW. Leaf water potential (f) of both species was lower in growing leaves of WAV plants in elevated CO Water deficit reduced the Ψ of growing leaves in both CO , treatments. The different responses of these species suggest that in a drier, enriched CO , environment survival in a community might depend on their ability to maintain growth at the same time as conserving water.