Impact of a fungal pathogen, Colletotrichum coccodes on growth and competitive ability of Abutilon theophrasti.

The combined effects of planting density and of different inoculation frequencies ofColletotrichum coccodes (Wallr.) Hughes on growth and competitive performance of Abutilon theophrasti Medik. were studied using a soybean-A. theophrasti target-neighbour design in a controlled environment. In both trials of the experiment, A. theophrasti inoculated at the highest planting density (four plants per ppt) suffered significantly greater reductions in height (41%) than did A. theophrasti at the lowest density (one plant per pot) (7%). Above-ground biomass and leaf area reductions, however were significantly greater at the highest density for only one of the trials. Soybean plants grown with inoculated A. theophrasti at the two highest planting densities had a significantly greater above-ground biomass (61%) and leaf area (68%) than did plants grown with uninoculated A. theophrasti at the same densities. By contrast, at the two lower densities, soybean above-ground biomass and leaf area were not increased significantly fallowing inoculation. Either one or two C. coccodes inoculations caused the greatest reductions in A. theophrasti growth compared with uninoculated plants. Conversely, three applications of the fungus generally resulted in less severe disease symptoms and resulted in the smallest decreases in A. theophrasti growth. Induced systemic resistance following two inoculations might have played an important role in limiting disease. However, the significantly greater biomass and height of A. theophrasti plants subjected to the triple C. caicudes treatment, compared with plants receiving either one or two inoculations in one of the trials, provides some evidence of a possible compensatory response in .4. theophrasti. The relevance of these findings for biological weed control is examined.