Addictovigilance Center, Fernand-Widal Hospital, Paris, France.
Université Clermont Auvergne, CNRS, LMBP, UMR 6620, Aubiere, France.
Public Health. 2021 May;194:75-78. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2021.02.036. Epub 2021 Apr 14.
This descriptive and analytical study investigated the consumption rates of psychoactive substances among individuals aged 18-25 years in France. More specifically, it enabled assessment of the extent of the neuroenhancement (NE) phenomenon among students in France (including study of the misuse of psychostimulant medicines).
COgnitive enhancement and consumption of psychoactive Substances among Youth Students (COSYS) is a cross-sectional survey of students in France.
Between January and June 2017, a questionnaire was mailed to students. All questionnaires were completed anonymously and included questions regarding the use of all kind of psychoactive substances, motivations for use and socio-economic situations. Statistics for all variables and the results of a multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) are presented.
This study recorded 46,203 respondents, mostly in universities (>60%), mostly women (63.4%), with an average age of 21.4 years. In terms of substance use, medications were cited in the third position after alcohol and tobacco by women (22.48%) and in the fourth position after alcohol, tobacco and cannabis by men (15.14%). Among medications, opiates were the most frequently used, followed by benzodiazepines. Students who declared a non-medical use (NMU) of drugs obtained these through various ways (e.g. family medicine cabinet, a friend, a dealer or via the Internet), or by increasing their recommended doses (e.g. codeine). In total, 18.6% of students consumed psychoactive substances for 'stress management' and 14.1% for 'sleep management'. Results indicated that NE in students is a problem, with 18.6% of students in the COSYS survey confirming the use of psychoactive substances for this reason. There was a very low prevalence for psychostimulant medications (0.57% of men), mostly NMU (67%). MCA yielded three different profiles (doping candidate, experimenter and psychiatric profile) of psychostimulant users, which complicates the implementation of prevention programmes.
It is evident that NMU and 'conventional' use of medications are highly prevalent in French students, especially females. NMU is associated with substance use disorders, psychopathology and suicidality. Social norms and social media increase NMU of psychoactive substances, but also provide a potential platform for anti-NMU campaigns.
NCT02954679.
本描述性和分析性研究调查了法国 18-25 岁人群中精神活性物质的消费率。更具体地说，它评估了法国学生中神经增强（NE）现象的程度（包括研究精神兴奋剂药物的滥用）。
认知增强和青少年学生精神活性物质消费（COSYS）是对法国学生的横断面调查。
2017 年 1 月至 6 月期间，向学生邮寄了一份问卷。所有问卷均匿名填写，内容包括所有类型精神活性物质的使用情况、使用动机和社会经济状况。呈现了所有变量的统计数据和多元对应分析（MCA）的结果。
本研究记录了 46203 名受访者，主要来自大学（>60%），主要是女性（63.4%），平均年龄为 21.4 岁。在物质使用方面，女性将药物排在酒精和烟草之后的第三位（22.48%），男性将药物排在酒精、烟草和大麻之后的第四位（15.14%）。在药物中，阿片类药物的使用最为频繁，其次是苯二氮䓬类药物。报告非医疗用途（NMU）药物的学生通过各种途径（如家庭药柜、朋友、经销商或互联网）获得这些药物，或增加推荐剂量（如可待因）。总的来说，18.6%的学生为“应对压力”而使用精神活性物质，14.1%的学生为“改善睡眠”而使用精神活性物质。结果表明，学生中的 NE 是一个问题，COSYS 调查中有 18.6%的学生确认出于这个原因使用精神活性物质。使用精神兴奋剂药物的患病率非常低（男性为 0.57%），主要是 NMU（67%）。MCA 产生了三个不同的精神兴奋剂使用者特征（兴奋剂候选人、实验者和精神病理特征），这使得预防计划的实施变得复杂。
法国学生，尤其是女性，NMU 和“常规”使用药物的情况非常普遍。NMU 与物质使用障碍、精神病理学和自杀意念有关。社会规范和社交媒体增加了精神活性物质的 NMU，但也为反 NMU 运动提供了潜在的平台。
NCT02954679。
