School of Architecture, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 41008, China; Department of Tourism and Geography, Tongren University, Tongren, Guizhou Province, 554300, China.
School of Architecture, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, 41008, China.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Jul 15;290:112554. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112554. Epub 2021 Apr 15.
Keeping urbanization, economy and eco-environment in harmony is a core issue for attaining Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in any complex geographical regions. Previous studies mainly focused on seeking the balance between urban expansion levels, eco-environment quality and socioeconomic degree. But the challenges still exist in solving the negative influence of urban expansion that affects eco-environmental and economic development. Based on the Environmental Kuznets Curve theory, we involved inclusive indexes to analyze the interlinkages of eco-environment quality, economic level, and urban expansion degree, which closely relate to urban sustainable development goals and spatial complexity, as well as using available data corresponding to waterfront cities. Cities in Hunan were taken as a study-case, and the study period of 2006-2016 covers the last 10 years of the millennium development goals agenda and the first 2 years of SDGs agenda. The key indicators of city-economy-environment relationships were different at the provincial level, urban level and urbanization grade. According to the regression models and inverted N shape curve, urban expansion resulted in high positive effects on economic development level and negative effects on ecological environment quality, partically higher at high urbanization level than that of the low ones. But the overall trends were that the environmental quality of the cities was undergoing slowly improving processes both at low and high urban expansion levels. Promoting adaptations with the eco-environmental capacity when formulating policies and taking actions is necessary for realizing sustainable cities and communities (SDG11), life on land (SDG15), decent work and economic growth (SDG8) and responsible consumption and production (SDG12) at the same time. Regulating citizens' density, urban expansion speed in area, the quantity of enterprises with heavy pollution, and the structure of industry to the suitable urbanization stages is an important way for achieving SDGs at provincial and municipal levels.
实现任何复杂地理区域的可持续发展目标（SDGs）的核心问题是保持城市化、经济和生态环境的协调。先前的研究主要集中在寻求城市扩张水平、生态环境质量和社会经济程度之间的平衡。但在解决城市扩张对生态环境和经济发展的负面影响方面仍存在挑战。基于环境库兹涅茨曲线理论，我们引入包容性指标来分析生态环境质量、经济水平和城市扩张程度之间的相互关系，这些关系与城市可持续发展目标和空间复杂性密切相关，并利用与滨水城市相对应的现有数据。以湖南省的城市为例，研究期为 2006-2016 年，涵盖了千年发展目标议程的最后 10 年和可持续发展目标议程的前 2 年。城市-经济-环境关系的关键指标在省级、城市级和城市化等级上有所不同。根据回归模型和倒 N 形曲线，城市扩张对经济发展水平产生了高度积极的影响，对生态环境质量产生了负面影响，特别是在城市化水平较高的情况下比城市化水平较低的情况下更为明显。但总体趋势是，在低和高城市扩张水平下，城市的环境质量都在缓慢改善。在制定政策和采取行动时，需要根据生态环境容量进行调整，以实现可持续城市和社区（SDG11）、陆地生命（SDG15）、体面工作和经济增长（SDG8）以及负责任的消费和生产（SDG12）的目标。调节居民密度、区域城市扩张速度、重污染企业数量和产业结构到适宜的城市化阶段，是在省级和市级实现可持续发展目标的重要途径。
