Department of Biotechnology, Genetics and Cellular Biology, Maringá State University, Av. Colombo, 5790 - Zona 7, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
Department of Chemical Engineering, Maringá State University, Av. Colombo, 5790 - Zona 7, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil.
Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 2021 May;865:503335. doi: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2021.503335. Epub 2021 Feb 13.
The genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) on specimens of Astyanax lacustris were evaluated using different biomarkers. Additionally, this study evaluated the efficiency of an activated carbon filter made from the husks green coconut, which was used as a biosorbent to remove 2,4-D dissolved in the water, and the potential effectiveness of this procedure for the reduction of the toxic effects of this compound on A. lacustris. Three sublethal concentrations of 2,4-D (10, 20, and 40 mg L) were tested over 24, 48, and 72 h, and their effects on Astyanax lacustris were evaluated using chromosomal aberration test, the mitotic index, the frequency of micronuclei and nuclear alterations, and the comet assay. Exposure to 2,4-D increased the frequency of chromosomal aberrations, reduced the mitotic index, and caused significant levels of nuclear modification in some of the treatments, in comparison with the negative control. The comet assay revealed DNA damage (classes 1-3) at all 2,4-D concentrations, reaching significant levels in the 20 mg L (48 h) and 40 mg L (72 h) treatments. The coconut husk biosorbent was highly effective for the removal of 2,4-D and the fish exposed to the water decontaminated by this filter had low levels of cellular alteration. The findings of the present study demonstrated, for the first time, the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of 2,4-D in Astyanax lacustris, as well as suggests the potential application of a biosorbent for the effective decontamination of water contaminated with pesticides.
采用不同的生物标志物评估了 2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸（2,4-D）对 Astyanax lacustris 标本的遗传毒性和细胞毒性作用。此外，本研究还评估了一种由绿椰壳制成的活性炭过滤器的效率，该过滤器被用作生物吸附剂，以去除水中溶解的 2,4-D，以及该程序降低该化合物对 A. lacustris 的毒性作用的潜在有效性。测试了三种亚致死浓度的 2,4-D（10、20 和 40mg/L），在 24、48 和 72 小时内评估其对 Astyanax lacustris 的影响，使用染色体畸变试验、有丝分裂指数、微核和核改变频率以及彗星试验评估其影响。与阴性对照相比，暴露于 2,4-D 会增加染色体畸变的频率，降低有丝分裂指数，并导致一些处理中出现明显的核改变。彗星试验显示所有 2,4-D 浓度下均存在 DNA 损伤（1-3 级），在 20mg/L（48 小时）和 40mg/L（72 小时）处理中达到显著水平。椰壳生物吸附剂对 2,4-D 的去除非常有效，暴露于经这种过滤器净化的水中的鱼类细胞改变程度较低。本研究首次证明了 2,4-D 在 Astyanax lacustris 中的遗传毒性和细胞毒性作用，并提出了一种生物吸附剂用于有效净化受农药污染的水的潜在应用。
