Late-Stage Modification of Medicine: Pd-Catalyzed Direct Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of -Aryltacrine Derivatives.

A new series of -aryltacrine derivatives were designed and synthesized as cholinesterase inhibitors by the late-stage modification of tacrine, using the palladium-catalyzed Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling reaction. In vitro inhibition assay against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) demonstrated that most of the synthesized compounds had potent AChE inhibitory activity with negative inhibition of BuChE. Among them, -(4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-tacrine () and -(4-methoxypyridin-2-yl)-tacrine () showed the most potent activity against AChE (IC values of 1.77 and 1.48 μM, respectively). The anti-AChE activity of and was 3.5 times more than that of tacrine (IC value of 5.16 μM). Compound also displayed anti-BuChE activity with an IC value of 19.00 μM. Cell-based assays against HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cell lines revealed that had significantly lower hepatotoxicity compared to tacrine, with additional neuroprotective activity against HO-induced damage in SH-SY5Y cells. The advantages including synthetic accessibility, high potency, low toxicity, and adjunctive neuroprotective activity make compound a new promising multifunctional candidate for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.