Department of Neuroscience, Columbia University, 3227 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA.
Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, 630 W. 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Curr Opin Neurobiol. 2021 Aug;69:113-123. doi: 10.1016/j.conb.2021.03.004. Epub 2021 Apr 16.
In neurons, control of microtubule dynamics is required for multiple homeostatic and regulated activities. Over the past few decades, a great deal has been learned about the role of the microtubule cytoskeleton in axonal and dendritic transport, with a broad impact on neuronal health and disease. However, significantly less attention has been paid to the importance of microtubule dynamics in directly regulating synaptic function. Here, we review emerging literature demonstrating that microtubules enter synapses and control central aspects of synaptic activity, including neurotransmitter release and synaptic plasticity. The pleiotropic effects caused by a dysfunctional synaptic microtubule cytoskeleton may thus represent a key point of vulnerability for neurons and a primary driver of neurological disease.
在神经元中，微管动力学的控制对于多种稳态和调节活动是必需的。在过去的几十年中，人们已经了解了微管细胞骨架在轴突和树突运输中的作用，这对神经元的健康和疾病产生了广泛的影响。然而，人们对微管动力学在直接调节突触功能方面的重要性的关注要少得多。在这里，我们回顾了新兴的文献，这些文献证明了微管进入突触，并控制着突触活动的核心方面，包括神经递质的释放和突触可塑性。因此，功能失调的突触微管细胞骨架引起的多效性效应可能代表神经元的一个关键脆弱点，也是神经疾病的主要驱动因素。
