Pilate Gilles, Déjardin Annabelle, Laurans Françoise, Leplé Jean-Charles
Equipe 'Formation des Parois Lignifiées', Unité Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières, INRA Orléans, Avenue de la Pomme de Pin, BP 20 619 Ardon, F-45166 Olivet Cédex, France.
New Phytol. 2004 Oct;164(1):63-72. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01176.x.
Wood is a complex and highly variable tissue, the formation of which is developmentally and environmentally regulated. In reaction to gravitropic stimuli, angiosperm trees differentiate tension wood, a wood with specific anatomical, chemical and mechanical features. In poplar the most significant of these features is an additional layer that forms in the secondary wall of tension wood fibres. This layer is mainly constituted of cellulose microfibrils oriented nearly parallel to the fibre axis. Tension wood formation can be induced easily and strongly by bending the stem of a tree. Located at the upper side of the bent stem, tension wood can be compared with the wood located on its lower side. Therefore tension wood represents an excellent model for studying the formation of xylem cell walls. This review summarizes results recently obtained in the field of genomics on tension wood. In addition, we present an example of how the application of functional genomics to tension wood can help decipher the molecular mechanisms responsible for cell wall characteristics such as the orientation of cellulose microfibrils.
木材是一种复杂且高度可变的组织，其形成受到发育和环境的调控。对向重力性刺激作出反应时，被子植物树木会分化出张力木，这是一种具有特定解剖学、化学和机械特性的木材。在杨树中，这些特性中最显著的是在张力木纤维次生壁中形成的额外一层。这一层主要由几乎平行于纤维轴排列的纤维素微纤丝构成。通过弯曲树干可以轻松且强烈地诱导张力木的形成。位于弯曲树干上侧的张力木，可以与位于其下侧的木材进行比较。因此，张力木是研究木质部细胞壁形成的绝佳模型。本综述总结了近期在张力木基因组学领域取得的成果。此外，我们还给出了一个例子，说明功能基因组学在张力木研究中的应用如何有助于解读导致细胞壁特性（如纤维素微纤丝取向）的分子机制。
