Voegele Ralf T, Mendgen Kurt
Universität Konstanz, Fachbereich Biologie, Lehrstuhl Phytopathologie, Universitätsstr. 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany.
New Phytol. 2003 Jul;159(1):93-100. doi: 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2003.00761.x. Epub 2003 Apr 8.
Haustoria are morphological features of an extremely successful class of plant parasites, the obligate biotrophs. The broad phylogenetic spectrum of organisms producing haustoria suggests that these structures have arisen many times in the course of evolution and represent specific adaptations of these organisms to the close interaction with their respective host plants. This close interaction and the fact that these structures cannot be produced in vitro have hampered an analysis of the roles of haustoria in biotrophy for many decades. Only recently has it become possible to analyse haustorial function at a molecular level. A picture is beginning to emerge indicating that haustoria do not only serve in nutrient uptake - a task postulated for these elements ever since their discovery. Moreover, they seem to perform enormous biosynthetic duties. They also seem to be engaged in the suppression of host defense responses and in redirecting or reprogramming the host's metabolic flow. This review intends to summarize current knowledge about the structure and function especially of rust haustoria.
吸器是一类极其成功的植物寄生生物——专性活体营养型生物的形态特征。产生吸器的生物具有广泛的系统发育谱系，这表明这些结构在进化过程中多次出现，代表了这些生物对与各自寄主植物密切相互作用的特定适应。这种密切的相互作用以及这些结构无法在体外产生的事实，几十年来一直阻碍着对吸器在活体营养中作用的分析。直到最近，才有可能在分子水平上分析吸器的功能。一幅图景开始浮现，表明吸器不仅用于养分吸收——自发现这些结构以来就一直假定它们承担这项任务。此外，它们似乎还执行着巨大的生物合成任务。它们似乎还参与抑制寄主的防御反应，以及重新引导或重新编程寄主的代谢流。这篇综述旨在总结目前关于尤其是锈菌吸器的结构和功能的知识。
