Marmeisse R, Guidot A, Gay G, Lambilliotte R, Sentenac H, Combier J-P, Melayah D, Fraissinet-Tachet L, Debaud J C
Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecologie Microbienne (UMR CNRS 5557), Bât. A. Lwoff, 43 Bd. du 11 Novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France.
Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Agronomie de Montpellier, Biochimie et Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes (UMR 5004 Agro-M/CNRS/INRA/UM2), Place Viala, F-34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France.
New Phytol. 2004 Sep;163(3):481-498. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01148.x.
The basidiomycete Hebeloma cylindrosporum has been extensively studied with respect to mycorrhiza differentiation and metabolism and also to population dynamics. Its life cycle can be reproduced in vitro and it can be genetically transformed. Combined biochemical, cytological, genetical and molecular approaches led to the characterisation of mutant strains affected in mycorrhiza formation. These studies demonstrated the role of fungal auxin as a signal molecule in mycorrhiza formation and should allow the characterisation of essential fungal genes necessary to achieve a compatible symbiotic interaction. Random sequencing of cDNAs has identified numerous key functional genes which allowed dissection of essential nitrogen assimilation pathways. H. cylindrosporum also proved to be a remarkable model species to uncover the dynamics of natural populations of ectomycorrhizal fungi and the way in which they respond and adapt to anthropogenic disturbance of the forest ecosystem. Although studies on mycorrhiza differentiation and functioning and those on the population dynamics of H. cylindrosporum have been carried out independently, they are likely to converge in a renewed molecular ecophysiology which will envisage how ectomycorrhizal symbiosis functions under varying field conditions. Contents Summary 481 I. Introduction 482 II. Taxonomy, distribution, autecology, and host range of H. cylindrosporum 482 III. The Hebeloma cylindrosporum toolbox 483 IV. Mycorrhiza differentiation 486 V. Nutritional interactions 488 VI. Genetic diversity and dynamics of H. cylindrosporum populations in P. pinaster forest ecosystems 491 VII. Future directions 494 Acknowledgements 494 References 494.
担子菌圆柱齿杯伞在菌根分化、代谢以及种群动态方面已得到广泛研究。其生命周期能够在体外重现，并且可以进行遗传转化。综合运用生物化学、细胞学、遗传学和分子生物学方法，得以鉴定出在菌根形成过程中受到影响的突变菌株。这些研究证实了真菌生长素作为菌根形成过程中的信号分子所发挥的作用，并且应该有助于鉴定实现兼容共生相互作用所必需的关键真菌基因。对互补脱氧核糖核酸（cDNA）进行随机测序已鉴定出众多关键功能基因，从而能够剖析重要的氮同化途径。圆柱齿杯伞还被证明是一个出色的模式物种，可用于揭示外生菌根真菌自然种群的动态以及它们对森林生态系统人为干扰的响应和适应方式。尽管关于菌根分化和功能的研究以及关于圆柱齿杯伞种群动态的研究是独立开展的，但它们可能会在新的分子生态生理学中融合，该学科将设想外生菌根共生在不同田间条件下是如何发挥作用的。目录 摘要481 一、引言482 二、圆柱齿杯伞的分类学、分布、个体生态学和寄主范围482 三、圆柱齿杯伞研究工具483 四、菌根分化486 五、营养相互作用488 六、海岸松森林生态系统中圆柱齿杯伞种群的遗传多样性和动态491 七、未来方向494 致谢494 参考文献494 。
