Coates D, Rayner A D M
School of Biological Sciences, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath BA2 7A Y, UK.
New Phytol. 1985 Sep;101(1):153-171. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.1985.tb02823.x.
More than 450 beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) logs, 10 to 20 cm in diameter and 30 to 40 cm long, were cut from freshly felled trees and placed upright 1 m apart with their bases buried up to 10 cm deep in the ground in a plot of about 600 m in a mixed deciduous woodland in the Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire, UK. Fungal colonization via the aerial and buried cut surfaces was studied - in some cases following inoculation of basidiospores - using a combination of direct and indirect techniques. A wide variety of ascomycetes, basidiomycetes and fungi imperfecti were identified, by direct observation or following direct incubation of wood samples, from the vicinity of the aerial cut surface within the first six months after cutting. Some such as Coriolus versicolor (L. ex Fr.) Quél. subsequently increased in occurrence, whereas others, including Chondrostereum purpureum (Fr.) Pouz. declined. Isolation onto malt agar from thin sections of wood revealed the presence of some fungi, notably a Fusarium sp., not detected by direct means. In addition, homokaryons of the basidiomycetes Bjerkandera adusta (Willd, ex Fr.) Karst. and C. versicolor were isolated from near the aerial cut surface up to two years after cutting, and, lower down, mostly up until six months after cutting (thereafter heterokaryons predominated). Moreover, evidence was obtained that small volumes of discoloured, but not strongly decayed wood, sometimes contained large numbers of mutually antagonistic individuals (up to 30 per cm ) of the decay species B. adusta, C. versicolor and Stereum hirsutum (Willd. ex Fr.) S. F. Gray. Vertical penetration from the aerial cut surface showed a marked lag phase, such that for the first six weeks after cutting, overt colonization was restricted to about 3 mm depth. Thereafter the depth occupied increased rapidly.
从英国格洛斯特郡迪恩森林的一片混合落叶林中，选取了450多根直径为10至20厘米、长30至40厘米的山毛榉（欧洲山毛榉）原木，这些原木取自刚砍伐的树木，将它们直立放置，彼此间隔1米，其基部埋入地下10厘米深，放置在一块面积约600平方米的土地上。通过直接和间接技术相结合的方法，研究了真菌通过暴露在空气中的和埋入地下的切割面进行的定殖情况，在某些情况下是在接种担子孢子之后进行的研究。通过直接观察或对木材样本进行直接培养，在切割后的头六个月内，从暴露在空气中的切割面附近鉴定出了各种各样的子囊菌、担子菌和半知菌。一些真菌，如变色栓菌，随后出现的频率增加，而其他一些真菌，包括紫卧孔菌，则减少了。从木材薄片在麦芽琼脂上分离培养发现了一些直接方法未检测到的真菌，尤其是一种镰刀菌属真菌。此外，在切割后长达两年的时间里，从暴露在空气中的切割面附近分离出了担子菌烟管菌和变色栓菌的同核体，而在较低部位，大多直到切割后六个月（此后异核体占主导）。此外，有证据表明，少量变色但未严重腐烂的木材，有时含有大量相互拮抗的腐朽菌种烟管菌、变色栓菌和硬毛革菌个体（每厘米多达30个）。从暴露在空气中的切割面的垂直侵入显示出明显的滞后期，以至于在切割后的头六周内，明显的定殖仅限于约3毫米的深度。此后，占据的深度迅速增加。
